Plant hormones and seed germination
... Among the most important functions of plant hormones is controlling and coordinating cell division, growth and differentiation (Hooley, 1994). Plant hormones can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination (Graeber et al., 2012). Plant hormones including abscisic acid ( ...
... Among the most important functions of plant hormones is controlling and coordinating cell division, growth and differentiation (Hooley, 1994). Plant hormones can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination (Graeber et al., 2012). Plant hormones including abscisic acid ( ...
Multiple Lines of Evidence Localize Signaling
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
Characterization of the ftsYEX operon of Escherichia coli
... the unicellular organism. Composed of phospholipids, these bilayers are boundaries between "in" and "out", presenting a selective barrier to the potential harm of an external environment while remaining permeable to the elements essential for life also present in that environment. New membranes must ...
... the unicellular organism. Composed of phospholipids, these bilayers are boundaries between "in" and "out", presenting a selective barrier to the potential harm of an external environment while remaining permeable to the elements essential for life also present in that environment. New membranes must ...
2906_lect8
... A more theory-neutral word than “pheromone” should be used when discussing humans Chemosignal: Any of various chemicals emitted by humans that are detected by the olfactory system and that may have some effect on the mood, behavior, hormonal status, and/or sexual arousal of other humans ...
... A more theory-neutral word than “pheromone” should be used when discussing humans Chemosignal: Any of various chemicals emitted by humans that are detected by the olfactory system and that may have some effect on the mood, behavior, hormonal status, and/or sexual arousal of other humans ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... functionalities of its individual components. An important group of polymers in the primary plant cell wall are pectins. These polymers have been considered to act as a gel, forming an amorphous substrate into which a structural network consisting of cellulose and hemicelluloses is embedded. The pri ...
... functionalities of its individual components. An important group of polymers in the primary plant cell wall are pectins. These polymers have been considered to act as a gel, forming an amorphous substrate into which a structural network consisting of cellulose and hemicelluloses is embedded. The pri ...
and Fibrinogen-Dependent Mechanisms Contribute to Platelet
... Staphylococcus aureus can stimulate activation and aggregation of platelets, which are thought to be factors in the development of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified clumping factor A (ClfA) and fibronectin binding proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) as potent platelet aggregato ...
... Staphylococcus aureus can stimulate activation and aggregation of platelets, which are thought to be factors in the development of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified clumping factor A (ClfA) and fibronectin binding proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) as potent platelet aggregato ...
Inherited defects in platelet signaling mechanisms
... mediated by activation of tyrosine kinase Syk and PLC-g2 [12]. However, platelets de®cient in Gaq [27] PLC-b2 [28], ADP receptor [29] or TxA2 receptor [6] have impaired collageninduced responses, suggesting that collagen also activates Gprotein-mediated mechanisms. This may be secondary to the effec ...
... mediated by activation of tyrosine kinase Syk and PLC-g2 [12]. However, platelets de®cient in Gaq [27] PLC-b2 [28], ADP receptor [29] or TxA2 receptor [6] have impaired collageninduced responses, suggesting that collagen also activates Gprotein-mediated mechanisms. This may be secondary to the effec ...
Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... by parallel gradients of auxin responsiveness. The chapter ends with a speculative consideration of why, during evolution, such a simple molecule as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has acquired such a central role for intercellular coordination. This is attributed to the molecular properties of auxin tha ...
... by parallel gradients of auxin responsiveness. The chapter ends with a speculative consideration of why, during evolution, such a simple molecule as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has acquired such a central role for intercellular coordination. This is attributed to the molecular properties of auxin tha ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
Small Glycosylated Lignin Oligomers Are Stored in
... the units and linkages and the detection of higher-order oligomers and both stereomers for the 8–O–4-linked compounds) was largely in agreement with their synthesis via the same radical-radical combinatorial coupling reactions that occur during lignin polymerization. A particularly remarkable featur ...
... the units and linkages and the detection of higher-order oligomers and both stereomers for the 8–O–4-linked compounds) was largely in agreement with their synthesis via the same radical-radical combinatorial coupling reactions that occur during lignin polymerization. A particularly remarkable featur ...
Determination of Protein Molecular Weight
... Proteins are a highly diversified class of biomolecules. Differences in their chemical properties, such as charge, functional groups, shape, size and solubility enable them to perform many biological functions. These functions include enzyme catalysis, metabolic regulation, binding and transport of ...
... Proteins are a highly diversified class of biomolecules. Differences in their chemical properties, such as charge, functional groups, shape, size and solubility enable them to perform many biological functions. These functions include enzyme catalysis, metabolic regulation, binding and transport of ...
Calcium diffusion models and transmitter release in
... K S. Calcium diffusion models and transmitter release in neurons. Federation Proc. ...
... K S. Calcium diffusion models and transmitter release in neurons. Federation Proc. ...
Corollary Discharge Inhibition and Preservation of Temporal
... Recording.Curare blocks synaptic transmission between electromotoneuron axons and electrocytes, thus preventing an EOD. However, the synchronized volley in the electromotoneurons, which would normally elicit an EOD in an all-or-none manner, continues to be generated spontaneously in the curarized fi ...
... Recording.Curare blocks synaptic transmission between electromotoneuron axons and electrocytes, thus preventing an EOD. However, the synchronized volley in the electromotoneurons, which would normally elicit an EOD in an all-or-none manner, continues to be generated spontaneously in the curarized fi ...
Mobile Factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
-ATPases:
... AHA2, AHA3, and AHA5 group together with N. plumbaginifolia PMA4. Arabidopsis AHA6, AHA8, and AHA9 belong to a cluster with N. plumbaginifolia PMA6. The remaining H+-ATPases form three small branches, each with representatives from both Arabidopsis and N. plumbaginifolia. When the structures of the ...
... AHA2, AHA3, and AHA5 group together with N. plumbaginifolia PMA4. Arabidopsis AHA6, AHA8, and AHA9 belong to a cluster with N. plumbaginifolia PMA6. The remaining H+-ATPases form three small branches, each with representatives from both Arabidopsis and N. plumbaginifolia. When the structures of the ...
Non-coding RNAs - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... transcribed by RNA polymerase II and contain three important recognition elements (boxed): a 5′-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap, an Sm-protein-binding site (Sm site) and a 3′ stem–loop structure. In metazoans, the Sm site and the 3′-stem elements are required for recognition by the survival motor neuro ...
... transcribed by RNA polymerase II and contain three important recognition elements (boxed): a 5′-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap, an Sm-protein-binding site (Sm site) and a 3′ stem–loop structure. In metazoans, the Sm site and the 3′-stem elements are required for recognition by the survival motor neuro ...
Journal of Cell Science • Advance article Rop, the
... vesicle delivery to the ingressing furrow occurs in these cells, suggesting an important role for vesicle trafficking in cytokinesis in this cell type (Albertson et al., 2008). To identify and characterize vesicle trafficking genes and other factors important for cytokinesis, we screened embryos hom ...
... vesicle delivery to the ingressing furrow occurs in these cells, suggesting an important role for vesicle trafficking in cytokinesis in this cell type (Albertson et al., 2008). To identify and characterize vesicle trafficking genes and other factors important for cytokinesis, we screened embryos hom ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... To delineate the region within APC that is required for the interaction with Nup358, HEK293 cells transiently expressing different fragments of APC (Fig. 1C) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with Nup358 antibodies. The middle region (1211-1859 amino acids), hereafter called APC-M, was specifica ...
... To delineate the region within APC that is required for the interaction with Nup358, HEK293 cells transiently expressing different fragments of APC (Fig. 1C) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with Nup358 antibodies. The middle region (1211-1859 amino acids), hereafter called APC-M, was specifica ...
Structure and Organelles
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
Kinetics of MPF and histone H1 kinase activity differ during the G2
... Maturation promoting factor IMPFI is universally recognized as the biological entity responsible for driving the cell cycle from G2+to M-phase. Histone H1 kinase activity is widely accepted as a biochemical indicator of p34cdc2 protein kinase complex activity and therefore MPF activity. In this pape ...
... Maturation promoting factor IMPFI is universally recognized as the biological entity responsible for driving the cell cycle from G2+to M-phase. Histone H1 kinase activity is widely accepted as a biochemical indicator of p34cdc2 protein kinase complex activity and therefore MPF activity. In this pape ...
- Nottingham ePrints
... marked synchrony between epiblast development and trophoblast elongation during the ovoid-tubular stages, at the filamentous stage the primitive streak is always clearly visible (Blomberg le et al., 2006; Vejlsted et al., 2006a) suggesting a coordinated development between the embryonic and extraembr ...
... marked synchrony between epiblast development and trophoblast elongation during the ovoid-tubular stages, at the filamentous stage the primitive streak is always clearly visible (Blomberg le et al., 2006; Vejlsted et al., 2006a) suggesting a coordinated development between the embryonic and extraembr ...
Relations between Intracellular Ions and Energy Metabolism: A
... produce lactate avidly under aerobic conditions (Erecidska and Silver, 1987) and hence, even in the absence of monensin, represent a system that derives a substantial proportion of its ATP synthesis from glycolysis. Because monensin affects transmembrane distribution of sodium and protons, we have m ...
... produce lactate avidly under aerobic conditions (Erecidska and Silver, 1987) and hence, even in the absence of monensin, represent a system that derives a substantial proportion of its ATP synthesis from glycolysis. Because monensin affects transmembrane distribution of sodium and protons, we have m ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... innervates the dentate gyrus granule cells. We initially examined the long-term plasticity at the stellate neuron synapses. We recorded from the stellate neurons in layer II of the EC and stimulated the inputs from the deep layers by placing a stimulation electrode in layer IV (Fig. 1A). After recor ...
... innervates the dentate gyrus granule cells. We initially examined the long-term plasticity at the stellate neuron synapses. We recorded from the stellate neurons in layer II of the EC and stimulated the inputs from the deep layers by placing a stimulation electrode in layer IV (Fig. 1A). After recor ...
Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms
... Figure 1. The concept of effectors in plant immunity. Infectious pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, oomycete, and nematodes deliver effectors at the interface of the host plant (apoplastic effectors, AE) or inside the cell (cytoplasmic effectors, CE). Host-translocated (cytoplasmic) effectors are de ...
... Figure 1. The concept of effectors in plant immunity. Infectious pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, oomycete, and nematodes deliver effectors at the interface of the host plant (apoplastic effectors, AE) or inside the cell (cytoplasmic effectors, CE). Host-translocated (cytoplasmic) effectors are de ...
RNA-binding proteins
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.