Protein Synthesis:
... multiple ribosomes being able to attach themselves to one mRNA chain, thus allowing multiple proteins to be constructed at once. An mRNA chain with multiple ribosomes is called a polysome. Also, as prokaryotes have no nucleus, an mRNA can be translated while it is still being transcribed. This is no ...
... multiple ribosomes being able to attach themselves to one mRNA chain, thus allowing multiple proteins to be constructed at once. An mRNA chain with multiple ribosomes is called a polysome. Also, as prokaryotes have no nucleus, an mRNA can be translated while it is still being transcribed. This is no ...
Protein synthesis
... The ultimate cellular location of proteins is often determined by specific, relatively short amino acid sequence within the proteins themselves. These sequences can be responsible for proteins being secreted, imported into the nucleus or targeted to other organelles. ...
... The ultimate cellular location of proteins is often determined by specific, relatively short amino acid sequence within the proteins themselves. These sequences can be responsible for proteins being secreted, imported into the nucleus or targeted to other organelles. ...
Protein Synthesis:
... multiple ribosomes being able to attach themselves to one mRNA chain, thus allowing multiple proteins to be constructed at once. An mRNA chain with multiple ribosomes is called a polysome. Also, as prokaryotes have no nucleus, an mRNA can be translated while it is still being transcribed. This is no ...
... multiple ribosomes being able to attach themselves to one mRNA chain, thus allowing multiple proteins to be constructed at once. An mRNA chain with multiple ribosomes is called a polysome. Also, as prokaryotes have no nucleus, an mRNA can be translated while it is still being transcribed. This is no ...
Derived copy of Bis2A 14.1 Bacterial Gene
... the RNA polymerase from binding, and transcribing the downstream genes. It should be noted that the term "operator" is limited to just a few systems and almost always refers to the binding site for a repressor. Conceptually what you need to remember is that there are sites on the DNA that interact w ...
... the RNA polymerase from binding, and transcribing the downstream genes. It should be noted that the term "operator" is limited to just a few systems and almost always refers to the binding site for a repressor. Conceptually what you need to remember is that there are sites on the DNA that interact w ...
4. A Tour of the Cell
... 4.18 Cell surfaces protect, support, and join cells • Cells interact with their environments and each other via their surfaces • Many cells are protected by more than the plasma membrane ...
... 4.18 Cell surfaces protect, support, and join cells • Cells interact with their environments and each other via their surfaces • Many cells are protected by more than the plasma membrane ...
How and Why Does a Fly Turn Its Immune System Off?
... of PLoS Biology [19] builds on their past work showing that JNK signaling inhibits the imd pathway. The authors suggest that another extracellular signaling pathway, the JAK/STAT pathway, also inhibits imd signaling. Using cultured cells, they showed that the transcription factors Jra and Stat93E, w ...
... of PLoS Biology [19] builds on their past work showing that JNK signaling inhibits the imd pathway. The authors suggest that another extracellular signaling pathway, the JAK/STAT pathway, also inhibits imd signaling. Using cultured cells, they showed that the transcription factors Jra and Stat93E, w ...
New concepts of cellular fatty acid uptake: role of fatty acid transport
... Efficient uptake and channelling of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are critical cell functions. Evidence is emerging that proteins are important mediators of LCFA-trafficking into cells and various proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process. Amongst these proteins is a family of memb ...
... Efficient uptake and channelling of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are critical cell functions. Evidence is emerging that proteins are important mediators of LCFA-trafficking into cells and various proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process. Amongst these proteins is a family of memb ...
Methods for measuring rates of protein binding to insoluble scaffolds
... intensity for GFP-histone before and after cells were extracted in buffer containing 0.5% TritonX-100 to remove lipids and soluble proteins. The level of fluorescence intensity after extraction reflects the concentration of the bound protein, and the lost fluorescence intensity corresponds to the co ...
... intensity for GFP-histone before and after cells were extracted in buffer containing 0.5% TritonX-100 to remove lipids and soluble proteins. The level of fluorescence intensity after extraction reflects the concentration of the bound protein, and the lost fluorescence intensity corresponds to the co ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... Sickle-shaped RBCs are not flexible and clog up blood vessels, preventing enough oxygen-rich blood from being delivered to different parts of the body. In addition, the immune system marks sickled RBCs for destruction. When the body removes RBCs from circulation faster than it produces new RBCs, ane ...
... Sickle-shaped RBCs are not flexible and clog up blood vessels, preventing enough oxygen-rich blood from being delivered to different parts of the body. In addition, the immune system marks sickled RBCs for destruction. When the body removes RBCs from circulation faster than it produces new RBCs, ane ...
Why light
... The receptors use a lot of energy. It’s more efficient to supply the nutrient-carrying blood to the receptors from the back of the eye. Blood supply to the retina is not shown in this figure. ...
... The receptors use a lot of energy. It’s more efficient to supply the nutrient-carrying blood to the receptors from the back of the eye. Blood supply to the retina is not shown in this figure. ...
A secondary structure motif predictive of protein localization to the
... Summary Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that spend their entire growth phase sequestered in a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. A set of chlamydial proteins, labelled Inc proteins, has been identi®ed in the inclusion membrane (IM). The predicted IncA, IncB and IncC amino ac ...
... Summary Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that spend their entire growth phase sequestered in a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. A set of chlamydial proteins, labelled Inc proteins, has been identi®ed in the inclusion membrane (IM). The predicted IncA, IncB and IncC amino ac ...
Plant responses to environmental stress
... et al. 1995; Polisensky and Braam 1996). Are changes in [Ca2+] responsible for regulation of TCH gene expression? In the absence of any known inducing stimulus, exposure of cultured Arabidopsis cells to a sudden increase of external [Ca2+], which causes an immediate rise in cytosolic [Ca2+] (unpubli ...
... et al. 1995; Polisensky and Braam 1996). Are changes in [Ca2+] responsible for regulation of TCH gene expression? In the absence of any known inducing stimulus, exposure of cultured Arabidopsis cells to a sudden increase of external [Ca2+], which causes an immediate rise in cytosolic [Ca2+] (unpubli ...
Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain
... in these mice SRC-2 is up-regulated in steroid sensitive tissues, including brain and testes, suggesting that increased expression of SRC-2 compensates for the loss of SRC-1 (91). Therefore, studying the regulation of coactivator expression is essential to understanding hormone action in brain. A nu ...
... in these mice SRC-2 is up-regulated in steroid sensitive tissues, including brain and testes, suggesting that increased expression of SRC-2 compensates for the loss of SRC-1 (91). Therefore, studying the regulation of coactivator expression is essential to understanding hormone action in brain. A nu ...
Soy Protein in Milk Replacers
... and other procedures. Many of these procedures can reduce the antigenicity of soy flour markedly, so that these products can safely be included in modern milk replacers. An additional concern with using soybean protein is the amino acid profile compared to that of milk protein. Soybean protein is so ...
... and other procedures. Many of these procedures can reduce the antigenicity of soy flour markedly, so that these products can safely be included in modern milk replacers. An additional concern with using soybean protein is the amino acid profile compared to that of milk protein. Soybean protein is so ...
Roles of insulin signaling pathways in Age
... • If any of the flies didn’t move within 4 seconds, they were scored 0 ...
... • If any of the flies didn’t move within 4 seconds, they were scored 0 ...
Mycoplasma
... are usually membrane bound, since they depend on the spatial organization of their components. Ruling out oxidative phosphorylation as an ATP-generating system leaves only two proven ways of ATP generation, both based on substrate level phosphorylation. The major source for ATP is the arginine dihyd ...
... are usually membrane bound, since they depend on the spatial organization of their components. Ruling out oxidative phosphorylation as an ATP-generating system leaves only two proven ways of ATP generation, both based on substrate level phosphorylation. The major source for ATP is the arginine dihyd ...
Understanding Glial Differentiation in Vertebrate Nervous - J
... membrane-bound form, are generated by alternative splicing, but all the isoforms share a common EGF-like domain, which binds to ErbB family receptors. Previous reports have revealed that Neuregulin1 instructively induces glial differentiation (e.g. Shah et al. 1994; Leimeroth et al. 2002). Consisten ...
... membrane-bound form, are generated by alternative splicing, but all the isoforms share a common EGF-like domain, which binds to ErbB family receptors. Previous reports have revealed that Neuregulin1 instructively induces glial differentiation (e.g. Shah et al. 1994; Leimeroth et al. 2002). Consisten ...
Antipsychotic drug treatment alters expression of mRNAs
... injection at 5 days, 12 days or 2 weeks. The dose of haloperidol used was approximately the ED50 for inducing catalepsy in the C57BL/6J strain, while that for clozapine was the same as that previously shown to interrupt cognitive function in mice and one-tenth that reported to induce catalepsy.28 Br ...
... injection at 5 days, 12 days or 2 weeks. The dose of haloperidol used was approximately the ED50 for inducing catalepsy in the C57BL/6J strain, while that for clozapine was the same as that previously shown to interrupt cognitive function in mice and one-tenth that reported to induce catalepsy.28 Br ...
Columbia College Biology 110 Laboratory Manual
... Study the demonstration showing the various phases of mitosis under the microscope. Do not move the slide as this changes the position of the section under focus for the next person. Use the fine adjustment only if you need to get a sharper focus. Make note specifically of various characteristics of ...
... Study the demonstration showing the various phases of mitosis under the microscope. Do not move the slide as this changes the position of the section under focus for the next person. Use the fine adjustment only if you need to get a sharper focus. Make note specifically of various characteristics of ...
Subviral-Particle Biogenesis Hepatitis B Virus Small Surface
... gray line) proteins in the ER membrane (double horizontal lines). The numbers denote the suggested N- and C-terminal amino acid positions of the transmembrane domains (TM1 to -4). H, S derivative carrying a C-terminal addition of 11 aa (hatched box). All S mutants except mutant 2cn were generated in ...
... gray line) proteins in the ER membrane (double horizontal lines). The numbers denote the suggested N- and C-terminal amino acid positions of the transmembrane domains (TM1 to -4). H, S derivative carrying a C-terminal addition of 11 aa (hatched box). All S mutants except mutant 2cn were generated in ...
an overview on the antiviral activity of lactoferrin
... ROM. J. BIOCHEM., 46, 2, 187–197 (2009) ...
... ROM. J. BIOCHEM., 46, 2, 187–197 (2009) ...
Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of a function
... group interacts with the TPQ of the enzyme. Then a proton is abstracted by the active-site base (aspartate) and, through a carbanionic intermediate, a product Schiff base is formed. Thereafter, hydrolysis occurs, the product aldehyde is released and the reduced cofactor is left attached to enzyme ma ...
... group interacts with the TPQ of the enzyme. Then a proton is abstracted by the active-site base (aspartate) and, through a carbanionic intermediate, a product Schiff base is formed. Thereafter, hydrolysis occurs, the product aldehyde is released and the reduced cofactor is left attached to enzyme ma ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... generates transmembrane concentration gradients and the ion channels are channels in the neuronal membrane to allow ions to pass through selectively from one side of the neuronal membrane to the other. The ion gradients set up by the ion transporters is exploited by the ion channels and thus togethe ...
... generates transmembrane concentration gradients and the ion channels are channels in the neuronal membrane to allow ions to pass through selectively from one side of the neuronal membrane to the other. The ion gradients set up by the ion transporters is exploited by the ion channels and thus togethe ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.