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Nonsingular complex instantons on Euclidean spacetime
... Yang–Mills theory has been a rich source of profound mathematical results in the past three decades. It has found applications in a wide variety of research areas, such as differential topology and algebraic geometry [5], representation theory [14], and in the theory of integrable systems [12], to na ...
... Yang–Mills theory has been a rich source of profound mathematical results in the past three decades. It has found applications in a wide variety of research areas, such as differential topology and algebraic geometry [5], representation theory [14], and in the theory of integrable systems [12], to na ...
atomic theory
... Although no gas is perfectly described by the above law, the behavior of real gases is described quite closely by the ideal gas law at sufficiently high temperatures and low pressures (such as air pressure at sea level), when relatively large distances between molecules and their high speeds overcom ...
... Although no gas is perfectly described by the above law, the behavior of real gases is described quite closely by the ideal gas law at sufficiently high temperatures and low pressures (such as air pressure at sea level), when relatively large distances between molecules and their high speeds overcom ...
A unitary perturbation theory approach to real
... We give a simple illustration of canonical perturbation theory and show how canonical transformations can improve perturbative expansions in real-time evolution problems. We show that an analogous implementation for quantum many-body systems is possible, based on Wegner’s flow equation approach [10] ...
... We give a simple illustration of canonical perturbation theory and show how canonical transformations can improve perturbative expansions in real-time evolution problems. We show that an analogous implementation for quantum many-body systems is possible, based on Wegner’s flow equation approach [10] ...
Group Problems #36 - Solutions Monday, November 28 Problem 1 Transition Selection Rules
... of x, whereas eξx is obviously an odd function of x. Thus the integrand is an odd function of x and integration over symmetric bounds will identically yield zero. (g) Can you deduce a general “selection rule” for this perturbation? The selection rule arises from Eq. 5: the integrand must be an even ...
... of x, whereas eξx is obviously an odd function of x. Thus the integrand is an odd function of x and integration over symmetric bounds will identically yield zero. (g) Can you deduce a general “selection rule” for this perturbation? The selection rule arises from Eq. 5: the integrand must be an even ...
Lectures on Topological Quantum Field Theory
... axioms for homology theory [Sp] much more closely than the Wightman axioms for field theory [GJ]. By no means are they meant to capture all properties of field theory, just as one could hardly do intricate calculations in homology theory just knowing the axioms. But they do provide a focus for our d ...
... axioms for homology theory [Sp] much more closely than the Wightman axioms for field theory [GJ]. By no means are they meant to capture all properties of field theory, just as one could hardly do intricate calculations in homology theory just knowing the axioms. But they do provide a focus for our d ...
Blue and Grey
... reversing the motion of the cycle, a concept subsequently known as thermodynamic reversibility. Building on his father's work, Sadi postulated the concept that “some caloric is always lost”, not being converted to mechanical work. Hence any real heat engine could not realize the Carnot cycle's rever ...
... reversing the motion of the cycle, a concept subsequently known as thermodynamic reversibility. Building on his father's work, Sadi postulated the concept that “some caloric is always lost”, not being converted to mechanical work. Hence any real heat engine could not realize the Carnot cycle's rever ...
Lecture Notes
... derive analytical expressions for the gain and bandwidth of klystrons at low rf signal levels (small-signal). The “Mathcad” code, which is discussed in a later lecture, contains such formulae. The theory below is included because it is incompletely covered in textbooks, and because there is widespre ...
... derive analytical expressions for the gain and bandwidth of klystrons at low rf signal levels (small-signal). The “Mathcad” code, which is discussed in a later lecture, contains such formulae. The theory below is included because it is incompletely covered in textbooks, and because there is widespre ...
Vacuum Bubbles Nucleation and Dark Matter Production through
... thereby evading Goldstone’s theorem. However, the chiral anomaly is just one of at least two possible loopholes by which the existence of a Goldstone boson can be avoided. The second loophole is the Higgs mechanism. In its conventional formulation, the Higgs mechanism essentially converts a gauge fi ...
... thereby evading Goldstone’s theorem. However, the chiral anomaly is just one of at least two possible loopholes by which the existence of a Goldstone boson can be avoided. The second loophole is the Higgs mechanism. In its conventional formulation, the Higgs mechanism essentially converts a gauge fi ...
Lectures on Electric-Magnetic Duality and the Geometric
... group of integral fractional-linear transformations acting on the upper halfplane, i.e. the group P SL(2, Z). Points in the upper half-plane related by the P SL(2, Z) give rise to isomorphic theories. One may call this group the duality group. Actually, it is better to reserve this name for its “dou ...
... group of integral fractional-linear transformations acting on the upper halfplane, i.e. the group P SL(2, Z). Points in the upper half-plane related by the P SL(2, Z) give rise to isomorphic theories. One may call this group the duality group. Actually, it is better to reserve this name for its “dou ...
The Hierarchy Problem in the Standard Model and
... method known as the Background Field Gauge, and thus showing the appearance of a very high ‘unification’ scale. Having established this scale, I will turn my attention to a unified theory, based on a gauge group SU (5). We will show that the experimental constraint of having symmetry breaking at two ...
... method known as the Background Field Gauge, and thus showing the appearance of a very high ‘unification’ scale. Having established this scale, I will turn my attention to a unified theory, based on a gauge group SU (5). We will show that the experimental constraint of having symmetry breaking at two ...
開啟檔案
... Quarter-wavelength Resonator Bandpass Filter with Wide Stopband using Discriminating Coupling 作者: Yuan Chun Li *1, Xiu Yin Zhang *2, Quan Xue *3 出處: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2011 ...
... Quarter-wavelength Resonator Bandpass Filter with Wide Stopband using Discriminating Coupling 作者: Yuan Chun Li *1, Xiu Yin Zhang *2, Quan Xue *3 出處: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2011 ...
Wolfgang Pauli - Nobel Lecture
... like and unlike particles was already preconceived in the general statistical mechanics, a distinction which Gibbs tried to express with his concepts of a generic and a specific phase. In the light of the result of wave mechanics concerning the symmetry classes, this division by N!, which had caused ...
... like and unlike particles was already preconceived in the general statistical mechanics, a distinction which Gibbs tried to express with his concepts of a generic and a specific phase. In the light of the result of wave mechanics concerning the symmetry classes, this division by N!, which had caused ...
Witten
... In short, the bi have the transformation properties and the anticommutation relations appropriate for the gamma matrices of O(N). The kink states, on which the b i act, therefore transform in the spinor representation of O(N). The kinks are isospinors. Before proceeding, a few mathematical remarks a ...
... In short, the bi have the transformation properties and the anticommutation relations appropriate for the gamma matrices of O(N). The kink states, on which the b i act, therefore transform in the spinor representation of O(N). The kinks are isospinors. Before proceeding, a few mathematical remarks a ...
This is the magnitude of the potential energy of the electron. This
... Whether or not the denominator is the true length of a photon will be made clear in later calculations where the length of the photon is critical to giving correct known results. The assumption made is that there is a single photon that has been emitted by the proton. At a particular instant of time ...
... Whether or not the denominator is the true length of a photon will be made clear in later calculations where the length of the photon is critical to giving correct known results. The assumption made is that there is a single photon that has been emitted by the proton. At a particular instant of time ...
Elementary Particles in Physics
... Wα− (x), in analogy with quantum electrodynamics. The form (14) emerges from the exchange of a vector meson between the currents (see Feynman Diagrams) when the W mass is much larger than the momentum transfer in the process [Fig. 1(c)]. The intermediate vector boson theory leads to a better behaved ...
... Wα− (x), in analogy with quantum electrodynamics. The form (14) emerges from the exchange of a vector meson between the currents (see Feynman Diagrams) when the W mass is much larger than the momentum transfer in the process [Fig. 1(c)]. The intermediate vector boson theory leads to a better behaved ...
Modeling the Scattering by Small Holes
... is a classical electromagnetic problem. As is well known, this scattering can be formulated as the solution of an integral equation where the unknown aperture electric field (or equivalently the magnetic source) is to be retrieved once the incident field is known. When the aperture becomes a hole sm ...
... is a classical electromagnetic problem. As is well known, this scattering can be formulated as the solution of an integral equation where the unknown aperture electric field (or equivalently the magnetic source) is to be retrieved once the incident field is known. When the aperture becomes a hole sm ...
Can Bohmian Mechanics Be Made Background Independent?
... depending on Ψ for the temporal development of the universal configuration of such particles. In Bohmian terms, the measurement process is just a complicated “dance” involving the particles constituting the measured system and those making up the measuring apparatus. A measuring outcome - for exampl ...
... depending on Ψ for the temporal development of the universal configuration of such particles. In Bohmian terms, the measurement process is just a complicated “dance” involving the particles constituting the measured system and those making up the measuring apparatus. A measuring outcome - for exampl ...
here
... 3D reduction of Yang-Mills theory Seiberg and Witten studied the reduction of 4D Yang-Mills theory (which has a topological version giving the Donaldson invariants) along a circle. In the 0 radius limit, they described the low-energy regime of the SU(2) theory as a Sigma-model in the space of vacua, ...
... 3D reduction of Yang-Mills theory Seiberg and Witten studied the reduction of 4D Yang-Mills theory (which has a topological version giving the Donaldson invariants) along a circle. In the 0 radius limit, they described the low-energy regime of the SU(2) theory as a Sigma-model in the space of vacua, ...
Field-theoretic Methods
... equal-time correlation functions such as CAA (x − x0 , t) = ha(x, t) a(x0 , t)i − a(t)2 and CAB (x − x0 , t) = ha(x, t) b(x0 , t)i − a(t) b(t), computed at some large time t in the (quasi-)stationary state. These are shown in Figure 2 as measured in computer simulations for a stochastic Lotka–Volter ...
... equal-time correlation functions such as CAA (x − x0 , t) = ha(x, t) a(x0 , t)i − a(t)2 and CAB (x − x0 , t) = ha(x, t) b(x0 , t)i − a(t) b(t), computed at some large time t in the (quasi-)stationary state. These are shown in Figure 2 as measured in computer simulations for a stochastic Lotka–Volter ...
McTaggart distinguished two conceptions of time - Philsci
... probabilistic transitions in nature, not specifically tied to measurement. If a fundamentally probabilistic version of QT turns out to be “correct”, to the extent that it is free of the conceptual defects which plague orthodox QT, and meets with greater empirical success than orthodox QT, then there ...
... probabilistic transitions in nature, not specifically tied to measurement. If a fundamentally probabilistic version of QT turns out to be “correct”, to the extent that it is free of the conceptual defects which plague orthodox QT, and meets with greater empirical success than orthodox QT, then there ...