Zhang YA, Okada A, Lew CH, McConnell SK
... may be initiated by the entry of Otx1 into the nucleus. The regulated translocation of transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus is an increasingly common theme in developmental biology. Transcription factors and other large proteins are transported a ...
... may be initiated by the entry of Otx1 into the nucleus. The regulated translocation of transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus is an increasingly common theme in developmental biology. Transcription factors and other large proteins are transported a ...
the projection of the midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
... nuclei are capable of exerting widespread effects on the activity of the cerebral cortex. The normal pathways by which these effects are mediated are still obscure since it has long been known that these nuclei have no direct connexion with the neopallial cortex as they do niot undergo retrograde ce ...
... nuclei are capable of exerting widespread effects on the activity of the cerebral cortex. The normal pathways by which these effects are mediated are still obscure since it has long been known that these nuclei have no direct connexion with the neopallial cortex as they do niot undergo retrograde ce ...
Cell Structure - PLC-METS
... One of the first people to observe a “cell” under the microscope was Robert Hooke. He saw the same things that students will observe when looking at cork under the microscope. Hooke observed thinly sliced piece of cork with his compound microscope, and called the tiny, rectangular areas “cells” beca ...
... One of the first people to observe a “cell” under the microscope was Robert Hooke. He saw the same things that students will observe when looking at cork under the microscope. Hooke observed thinly sliced piece of cork with his compound microscope, and called the tiny, rectangular areas “cells” beca ...
PDF
... 5 A). The overall appearance of the oogonia at both light- and electron-microscope levels is essentially similar to that of the primordial germ cell, the most characteristic feature being the highly lobed nucleus (Figs. 3B-D, 5 A, B, E). Fig. 3B illustrates two adjacent larval oogonia as seen in 1 / ...
... 5 A). The overall appearance of the oogonia at both light- and electron-microscope levels is essentially similar to that of the primordial germ cell, the most characteristic feature being the highly lobed nucleus (Figs. 3B-D, 5 A, B, E). Fig. 3B illustrates two adjacent larval oogonia as seen in 1 / ...
Green genes - DNA in (and out of) chloroplasts
... To synthesise carotene, the enzymes encoded by the three genes had to be imported into plastids. Two of the genes were isolated from daffodils and the enzymes they encoded were imported into rice plastids without the researchers needing to make modifications. However, the third gene was taken from a ...
... To synthesise carotene, the enzymes encoded by the three genes had to be imported into plastids. Two of the genes were isolated from daffodils and the enzymes they encoded were imported into rice plastids without the researchers needing to make modifications. However, the third gene was taken from a ...
Cranial Nerves
... histology and physiology of these structures is complex and fascinating. I will not discuss it. The vestibular nerve proceeds with the cochlear to the rostral medulla to synapse in the Vestibular Nucleus, really a complex of nuclei that relays vestibular input to a variety of interested parties. Ves ...
... histology and physiology of these structures is complex and fascinating. I will not discuss it. The vestibular nerve proceeds with the cochlear to the rostral medulla to synapse in the Vestibular Nucleus, really a complex of nuclei that relays vestibular input to a variety of interested parties. Ves ...
Mitosis - RuthenbergAP
... • Cytokinesis in plants, which have cell walls, involves a completely different mechanism. • During telophase, vesicles from the Golgi coalesce at the metaphase plate, forming a cell plate. • The plate enlarges until its membranes fuse with the plasma membrane at the perimeter, with the contents of ...
... • Cytokinesis in plants, which have cell walls, involves a completely different mechanism. • During telophase, vesicles from the Golgi coalesce at the metaphase plate, forming a cell plate. • The plate enlarges until its membranes fuse with the plasma membrane at the perimeter, with the contents of ...
MicroReview Why is transcription coupled to translation in
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
Chapter 6 ppt
... are from a Pellet rich in biochemical methods to determine the metabolic functions ...
... are from a Pellet rich in biochemical methods to determine the metabolic functions ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only
... course, clear that bacteria are to some extent internally organized: cell division does not occur randomly in space and the duplicated chromosome is evenly divided between the two daughter cells. Furthermore, some bacteria like Caulobacter crescentus, Bacillus subtilis, or Myxococcus xanthus were kn ...
... course, clear that bacteria are to some extent internally organized: cell division does not occur randomly in space and the duplicated chromosome is evenly divided between the two daughter cells. Furthermore, some bacteria like Caulobacter crescentus, Bacillus subtilis, or Myxococcus xanthus were kn ...
Why is transcription coupled to translation in bacteria?
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
Why is transcription coupled to translation in bacteria?
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
... increased R-loops from the region of untranslated mRNA downstream of its nonsense codon; however, this region is not free to twist around the template DNA strand for the reasons that (i) on its 3¢ side, it is tethered to the transcription elongation complex and (ii) on the 5¢ side, the translating r ...
Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a self
... et al., 1984; Oko, 1988; Petersen et al., 1999) of which only a few have been identified. ODF2 proteins consist of about 590 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of about 70 kDa (Brohmann et al., 1997; Hoyer-Fender et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1999). In the C-terminal region (at amino acid po ...
... et al., 1984; Oko, 1988; Petersen et al., 1999) of which only a few have been identified. ODF2 proteins consist of about 590 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of about 70 kDa (Brohmann et al., 1997; Hoyer-Fender et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1999). In the C-terminal region (at amino acid po ...
Chapter 6
... • The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of proteins called intermediate filaments ...
... • The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear lamina, which is composed of proteins called intermediate filaments ...
Chloroplasts – Structure and Function
... Organelle found in animal cells and in plant cells. Does not contain membranes arranged in stacks Organelle found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Organelle A ...
... Organelle found in animal cells and in plant cells. Does not contain membranes arranged in stacks Organelle found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Organelle A ...
Ribosome biogenesis and cell growth: mTOR coordinates
... grow faster, but only if all components of the ribosome are available. Ribosome synthesis is a complex process that is one of the major energy consuming processes of the cell. A proliferating HeLa cell produces about 7500 ribosomes/min, a process that requires transcription of 150–200 rRNA genes, th ...
... grow faster, but only if all components of the ribosome are available. Ribosome synthesis is a complex process that is one of the major energy consuming processes of the cell. A proliferating HeLa cell produces about 7500 ribosomes/min, a process that requires transcription of 150–200 rRNA genes, th ...
Syllabus
... Membrane Structure (Chapter 10), p. 565-586 (to Bacteriorhodopsin) (22 pages) p. 590-594(to "Problem") (5 pages) Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes (Chapter 11), p. 615. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting (Chapter 12) p 641-658 (to Mitochondr ...
... Membrane Structure (Chapter 10), p. 565-586 (to Bacteriorhodopsin) (22 pages) p. 590-594(to "Problem") (5 pages) Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes (Chapter 11), p. 615. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting (Chapter 12) p 641-658 (to Mitochondr ...
A DNA damage checkpoint pathway coordinates the
... played with the hypothesis that Atr1 and Chk1 might have some role during the dikaryotic cell cycle in C. cinerea. To address this hypothesis we tried to impair the function of these regulators during the dikaryotic cell cycle using dsRNAmediated gene silencing (HENEGHAN et al. 2007; W ALTI et al. 2 ...
... played with the hypothesis that Atr1 and Chk1 might have some role during the dikaryotic cell cycle in C. cinerea. To address this hypothesis we tried to impair the function of these regulators during the dikaryotic cell cycle using dsRNAmediated gene silencing (HENEGHAN et al. 2007; W ALTI et al. 2 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... multimeric channels including the above-mentioned K-hemolysin have been shown to interact with a target cell receptor to increase the monomeric protein concentration. This would favor the insertion in the membrane and the formation of a multimeric channel [15]. However, a receptor that interacts wit ...
... multimeric channels including the above-mentioned K-hemolysin have been shown to interact with a target cell receptor to increase the monomeric protein concentration. This would favor the insertion in the membrane and the formation of a multimeric channel [15]. However, a receptor that interacts wit ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.