The Nucleolus under Stress
... size of nucleoli are linked to nucleolar activity, which in turn depends on cell growth and metabolism. Reorganization of the Nucleolus under Stress The varied effects on ribosome subunit production and cell growth induced by different types of cellular stress are often accompanied by dramatic chang ...
... size of nucleoli are linked to nucleolar activity, which in turn depends on cell growth and metabolism. Reorganization of the Nucleolus under Stress The varied effects on ribosome subunit production and cell growth induced by different types of cellular stress are often accompanied by dramatic chang ...
Endocytosis-like protein uptake in the bacterium Gemmata
... in the paryphoplasm were often seen lining vesicle-like entities ca. 50–200 nm wide bounded by a single bilayer membrane (Fig. 3A, Insets 2–4). In some cases, gold particles were seen lining an infolding of the cytoplasmic membrane (Fig. 3B), perhaps representing an initial stage in the process of G ...
... in the paryphoplasm were often seen lining vesicle-like entities ca. 50–200 nm wide bounded by a single bilayer membrane (Fig. 3A, Insets 2–4). In some cases, gold particles were seen lining an infolding of the cytoplasmic membrane (Fig. 3B), perhaps representing an initial stage in the process of G ...
Hongzhi Li School of Life Science
... Because they operate passively, that is, without being coupled to an energy-releasing system, facilitated transporters can mediate the movement of solutes equally well in both directions. The direction of net flux depends on the relative concentration of the substance on the two sides of the membran ...
... Because they operate passively, that is, without being coupled to an energy-releasing system, facilitated transporters can mediate the movement of solutes equally well in both directions. The direction of net flux depends on the relative concentration of the substance on the two sides of the membran ...
Vacuole metabolites
... Proteins found in the tonoplast (aquaporins) control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole through active transport, pumping potassium (K+) ions into and out of the vacuolar interior. Due to osmosis, water will diffuse into the vacuole, placing pressure on the cell wall. If water loss leads ...
... Proteins found in the tonoplast (aquaporins) control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole through active transport, pumping potassium (K+) ions into and out of the vacuolar interior. Due to osmosis, water will diffuse into the vacuole, placing pressure on the cell wall. If water loss leads ...
The use of isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT)
... problem of contamination in assigning proteins to subcellular compartments. Several techniques have been developed to compare proteomes quantitatively; these include difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) [15,16], ICAT (isotope-coded affinity tagging) [17] and SILAC (stable isotope-labelling with ami ...
... problem of contamination in assigning proteins to subcellular compartments. Several techniques have been developed to compare proteomes quantitatively; these include difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) [15,16], ICAT (isotope-coded affinity tagging) [17] and SILAC (stable isotope-labelling with ami ...
RNA Interference
... ! 1998 – Mello and Fire publish a seminal Nature paper elucidating the trigger for the RNAi process ! 2006 – Mello and Fire awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine ...
... ! 1998 – Mello and Fire publish a seminal Nature paper elucidating the trigger for the RNAi process ! 2006 – Mello and Fire awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine ...
The role of structural disorder in cell cycle regulation, related clinical
... termed a ‘molecular staple’ [28]. The first recognition and binding step, when subdomain D1 binds to its cyclin partner through the RXL motif is accelerated by the fly casting [29] mechanism, followed by the slower binding of the D2 subdomain to the Cdk subunit [28]. p16INK4a and p14ARF are differen ...
... termed a ‘molecular staple’ [28]. The first recognition and binding step, when subdomain D1 binds to its cyclin partner through the RXL motif is accelerated by the fly casting [29] mechanism, followed by the slower binding of the D2 subdomain to the Cdk subunit [28]. p16INK4a and p14ARF are differen ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... has specific functions (Figure 3-15): • Microvilli—found in epithelial cells that line the intestines and other areas where absorption is important; they help to increase the surface area manyfold ...
... has specific functions (Figure 3-15): • Microvilli—found in epithelial cells that line the intestines and other areas where absorption is important; they help to increase the surface area manyfold ...
Expression of Nuclear Lamin A and Muscle
... considerable changes in the expression of muscle-specific contractile proteins (Nadal-Ginard, 1978; Coleman and Coleman, 1968). The transcriptional activations of a number of muscle-specific genes are developmentally and coordinately regulated (Paterson and Bishop, 1977; Devlin and Emerson, 1978, 19 ...
... considerable changes in the expression of muscle-specific contractile proteins (Nadal-Ginard, 1978; Coleman and Coleman, 1968). The transcriptional activations of a number of muscle-specific genes are developmentally and coordinately regulated (Paterson and Bishop, 1977; Devlin and Emerson, 1978, 19 ...
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Outline Cell Theory Cell Size
... Centrioles are short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets that may give rise to basal bodies of cilia and flagella. Cilia and flagella are hairlike projections with a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules that aid in ...
... Centrioles are short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets that may give rise to basal bodies of cilia and flagella. Cilia and flagella are hairlike projections with a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules that aid in ...
Neuro Anatomy Lec.11 د.عبد الجبار الحبي طي The spinal cord
... (bodies of neurons) as H-shaped in appearance (2 anterior & 2 posterior horns with grey commissure) & an outer layer of white matter (nerve fibers) occupied by tracts. The cord is divided into R. & L. halves by: - ...
... (bodies of neurons) as H-shaped in appearance (2 anterior & 2 posterior horns with grey commissure) & an outer layer of white matter (nerve fibers) occupied by tracts. The cord is divided into R. & L. halves by: - ...
Depletion of Calcium from the Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... medium had essentially no effect on the nuclear transport of nucleoplasmin (Figs. 1 and 2). After 30 min of incubation, the nuclear/cytoplasmic concentration ratio of the injected protein was '~4.3 (Fig. 2). In the presence of normal calcium-containing medium, a similar accumulation of nucleoplasmin ...
... medium had essentially no effect on the nuclear transport of nucleoplasmin (Figs. 1 and 2). After 30 min of incubation, the nuclear/cytoplasmic concentration ratio of the injected protein was '~4.3 (Fig. 2). In the presence of normal calcium-containing medium, a similar accumulation of nucleoplasmin ...
C.Prinz, J.O. Tegenfeldt, R.H. Austin, E.C. Cox, J.C. Sturm, "Bacterial chromosome extraction and isolation," Lab Chip, 2, pp. 207-212 (2002).
... chromatin containing the DNA, the RNA components, organelles in the cell and the proteins in the cytoplasm. This is of course an enormous and difficult task which we are far from accomplishing at present. However, some basic steps have been taken towards this goal and in this paper we present some a ...
... chromatin containing the DNA, the RNA components, organelles in the cell and the proteins in the cytoplasm. This is of course an enormous and difficult task which we are far from accomplishing at present. However, some basic steps have been taken towards this goal and in this paper we present some a ...
L13-vestibulocochlear pathways2014-08-23 10
... Lateral Leminiscus: modulate transmission of auditory information to cochlear nerve by: 1.Sending inhibitory fibers through vestibulocochlear nerve ending in Organ of Corti. 2.Establishing connection with motor neurones supplying tensor tympani & stapedius muscles. ...
... Lateral Leminiscus: modulate transmission of auditory information to cochlear nerve by: 1.Sending inhibitory fibers through vestibulocochlear nerve ending in Organ of Corti. 2.Establishing connection with motor neurones supplying tensor tympani & stapedius muscles. ...
Lesson Overview - SchoolWorld an Edline Solution
... channels, making it easy for certain molecules to cross. Molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels in a process known as facilitated diffusion. Hundreds of different proteins have been found that allow particular substances to cross cell membran ...
... channels, making it easy for certain molecules to cross. Molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels in a process known as facilitated diffusion. Hundreds of different proteins have been found that allow particular substances to cross cell membran ...
Transport in the Cell
... cell produces wastes. So there has to be a way to get nutrients in and wastes out. ...
... cell produces wastes. So there has to be a way to get nutrients in and wastes out. ...
L12- CN VIII (vestibulocochlear pathways)
... Lateral Leminiscus: modulate transmission of auditory information to cochlear nerve by: 1.Sending inhibitory fibers through vestibulocochlear nerve ending in Organ of Corti. 2.Establishing connection with motor neurones supplying tensor tympani & stapedius muscles. ...
... Lateral Leminiscus: modulate transmission of auditory information to cochlear nerve by: 1.Sending inhibitory fibers through vestibulocochlear nerve ending in Organ of Corti. 2.Establishing connection with motor neurones supplying tensor tympani & stapedius muscles. ...
61 Cranial Nerve V: The Trigeminal Nerve
... hard palate, and the temporomandibular joint . Most afferent fibers destined for this nucleus appear to travel with the motor root, although some fibers may go with all three divisions of the nerve . The cells of origin of these fibers, unlike those described above, are not in the trigeminal ganglio ...
... hard palate, and the temporomandibular joint . Most afferent fibers destined for this nucleus appear to travel with the motor root, although some fibers may go with all three divisions of the nerve . The cells of origin of these fibers, unlike those described above, are not in the trigeminal ganglio ...
Bob Caruthers, CST, PLD - Association of Surgical Technologists
... stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas and small intesvisceral afferent fibers. A lateral portion is found along the lateral edge of the solitary fasciculus. Cells from the medial portion extend rostrally and join the corresponding cell col- ...
... stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas and small intesvisceral afferent fibers. A lateral portion is found along the lateral edge of the solitary fasciculus. Cells from the medial portion extend rostrally and join the corresponding cell col- ...
Ｇastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA
... • FGP is mainly composed of mature chief and parietal cells with scattered mucous cells. • Cytological feature of FGP is similar to GA-FG. • Lack of cytological and architectural atypa in FGP is different from GA-FG. ...
... • FGP is mainly composed of mature chief and parietal cells with scattered mucous cells. • Cytological feature of FGP is similar to GA-FG. • Lack of cytological and architectural atypa in FGP is different from GA-FG. ...
High-throughput knockout screen in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
... third meiosis-specific feature is the protection of centromeric cohesion. Disturbing any of these processes may lead to missegregation of chromosomes and aneuploidy, which is the major cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an excellent ...
... third meiosis-specific feature is the protection of centromeric cohesion. Disturbing any of these processes may lead to missegregation of chromosomes and aneuploidy, which is the major cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an excellent ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.