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The sense of hearing - Lightweight OCW University of Palestine
The sense of hearing - Lightweight OCW University of Palestine

...  It is a special sensory (hearing and balance) nerve.  It emerges from the anterolateral surface between the pons and medulla oblongato with the facial nerve.  It has two divisions: ...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - HAL
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - HAL

... convoluted electron-dense ER membranes were found to form multiple layers in these cells (Fig. 3). No HCV-LPs or marked clustering of lipid droplets was observed in cells producing this mutant core protein. These observations confirm that the ASC180/3/4VLV core protein remains anchored in the ER mem ...
Chapter 16 - Saladin
Chapter 16 - Saladin

... information: modality, location, intensity, duration • Modality—type of stimulus or the sensation it produces – Vision, hearing, taste – Labeled line code: all action potentials are identical. Each nerve pathway from sensory cells to the brain is labeled to identify its origin, and the brain uses th ...
Article - Research | www.stowers.org
Article - Research | www.stowers.org

... cell shape and a substantial loss of apico-basal polarity, including a strong decrease in the SJ marker Dlg (Figure 3J). We next assayed a role for ADF/cofilin and, as previously reported (Lee and Treisman, 2004), we noted a strong statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in cortical F-actin in ...
Chapter 16 *Lecture PowerPoint  Sense Organs
Chapter 16 *Lecture PowerPoint Sense Organs

... information: modality, location, intensity, duration • Modality—type of stimulus or the sensation it produces – Vision, hearing, taste – Labeled line code: all action potentials are identical. Each nerve pathway from sensory cells to the brain is labeled to identify its origin, and the brain uses th ...
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an

... indicating that Piccolo is recruited to nascent synapses in these immature cultured neurons. Accumulation Dynamics of Piccolo at Nascent Synapses To estimate when Piccolo is recruited into individual nascent synapses, a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis was performed as described previously ...
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat

... Together these results indicate that loss of Fbxl7 leads to increased growth via the Hippo pathway. When we overexpressed Fbxl7 in the wing imaginal disc, the adult wings were smaller and had a reduced distance between the cross veins (Figure 1I–L, Figure 1—figure supplement 2A–B). Over­ expressing ...
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion

Monosaccharide transporters in plants: structure, function and
Monosaccharide transporters in plants: structure, function and

... with the CONSENSE program and converted into a graphical representation by the Treeview program for Macintosh [64]. ...
Is the shoot a root with a view? Philip N Benfey
Is the shoot a root with a view? Philip N Benfey

... developmental function in shoot and root should not come as a surprise to plant evolutionary biologists for whom it has always appeared likely that the root meristem evolved from an ancestral shoot. Developmental geneticists, on the other hand, have generally separated the plant into root and shoot ...
Silver Gate Field Effect Transistor for Oxygen Gas Sensor
Silver Gate Field Effect Transistor for Oxygen Gas Sensor

... showed a sensitivity of 6 mV/decade to oxygen partial pressure [3]. The FET-type sensor has a gate of about 10nm-thick platinum/ YSZ layer deposited on the gate insulator of FET. The interface between the YSZ layer and the Pt layer was an active site for oxygen dissociation. However, it was very dif ...
to the marking scheme for all papers
to the marking scheme for all papers

... The marking schemes which follow were those used by WJEC for the Summer 2014 examination in GCE BIOLOGY - HUMAN BIOLOGY. They were finalised after detailed discussion at examiners' conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. The conferences were held shortly after the papers were ta ...
Voltage-dependent Ionic Conductances of Type I Spiral Ganglion
Voltage-dependent Ionic Conductances of Type I Spiral Ganglion

PI3K and Rho GTPase activity are required for exogenous PIP3
PI3K and Rho GTPase activity are required for exogenous PIP3

... 1. Ras is activated downstream of the cAMP receptor rapidly (less than 5 seconds) and independent of cortical actin polymerization and PI3K activity (e.g. Ras is the BSPI3K in the LEGI model). 2. Ras recruits and activates a small fraction of PI3K at the plasma membrane, resulting in AKT activation ...
Structure–function relationships during secondary phloem
Structure–function relationships during secondary phloem

Glycan-independent Role of Calnexin in the Intracellular
Glycan-independent Role of Calnexin in the Intracellular

... thesis of a longer altered protein (inherited peripheral mutation database IPNMDB, molgen-www.uia.ac.be/CMTMutations/). Other mutations are predicted to alter the splicing process and generate a nonfunctional protein. Overall, Gas3/ PMP22 point mutations responsible for hereditary neuropathy with li ...
Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity
Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity

... the cell membrane was seen, resulting in irregular cell indentations. Occasionally, a rotational motion of the membrane around the cell was observed. In the lower surface of such cells, which faced the stationary plate of the viscometer (and the objective of the microscope), the patterns of membrane ...
TRANSMEMBRANE ADAPTOR PROTEINS: ORGANIZERS OF
TRANSMEMBRANE ADAPTOR PROTEINS: ORGANIZERS OF

... Extracellularly oriented proteins that are anchored in the membrane through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (a glycolipid moiety), such as THY1, LY6 (lymphocyte antigen 6), CD14, CD48, CD55 and CD59, also accumulate in rafts. Because of their small size, lipid rafts cannot be directly observed by light ...
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin

AHM1, a Novel Type of Nuclear Matrix–Localized
AHM1, a Novel Type of Nuclear Matrix–Localized

... The nuclear matrix, operationally defined, is the dynamic fibrogranular structure forming the skeletal framework that surrounds and penetrates the interphase nucleus; it has been implicated in most nuclear functions, including replication, repair, transcription, RNA processing, and RNA transport (Be ...
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 Gene Encodes a Cytosolic
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 Gene Encodes a Cytosolic

... Golgi-related structures (Berkeley bodies) under nonpermissive conditions, and that the intracellular invertase pool that accumulates under such restrictive conditions consists of enzyme that exhibits fully matured outer glycosyl chains (8, 23). Previous analyses of the secretion competence of secl4 ...
Paramecium Coloring
Paramecium Coloring

... Color all cilia black.The paramecium cannot change its shape like the ameba because it has a thick outer membrane called the pellicle. The pellicle surrounds the cell membrane. Color the pellicle light blue. There are two types of nuclei (plural of nucleus). The large nucleus is called the macronucl ...
12-N. Ohno.indd - PJM ONLINE | Polish Journal of Microbiology
12-N. Ohno.indd - PJM ONLINE | Polish Journal of Microbiology

Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes
Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes

... human diseases generated by the defects in these pathways [3]. 2.3. Regulation of sphingolipid synthesis Although SLs are essential players in cell homeostasis the regulatory mechanisms controlling this pathway have only recently begun to emerge. The initial advances in the network of enzymatic cont ...
Protein - HCC Learning Web
Protein - HCC Learning Web

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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