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Membrane structure, I
Membrane structure, I

...  3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is very specific in what substances are being transported  triggered when extracellular substances bind to special receptors, ligands, on the membrane surface, especially near coated pits  triggers the formation of a vesicle ...
1 Tripoli University Faculty of Science / Zoology Department Lecture
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... The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells. In 1665 the English scientist Robert Hooke introduced the term “cell” while examining very thin slices of cork using a compound microscope. He observed a multitude of pores that looked like the wall compartments of a honey comb, he calle ...
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Diffusion, Osmosis, and The Cell Membrane

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... cells), with the exception of the yeasts. The cells make up a network of branching tubes known as "hyphae," and a mass of hyphae is called a "mycelium." the genetic material is gathered together and enclosed by a membrane in what is called the "nucleus." Also, there are other structures called "orga ...
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... Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential virulence devices for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens of humans, animals and plants. They serve to translocate virulence effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. T3SSs are composed of a large cytoplasmic bulb, containing the expor ...
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Chapter 4-Structure and function of Cell

... Extra Slides AND Answers for Critical Thinking Questions (1) Once good quality microscopes became available, a number of scientists could use them to examine cells. (2) The presence of organelles and more membranes in eukaryotic cells makes possible a greater specialization of function. (3) ...
Cell Transport
Cell Transport

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rickettsia-notes

... Most of these tiny non-motile Gram –negative Bacteria are obligate parasites able to grow only within host cells as parasites. In morphological appearance they are bacilli or cocci .Rickettsias are cultivated on yolk sac of chicken embryo are either rod like or rounded ranging from 0.5 m to 2 m. T ...
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Cell Functions Test Review

... • Nucleus: control center of a cell; contains DNA • Nuclear membrane: surrounds nucleus – determines what goes in/out of nucleus ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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