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Conjoint 529: Mechanisms of cell migration Justification: The
Conjoint 529: Mechanisms of cell migration Justification: The

... fundamental process in animal development. In early embryos the germ layers move over one another and intercalate to form the body axes; later in development neural crest cells migrate throughout the body to give rise to a range of differentiated cell types and primordial germ cells home to the deve ...
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... ‐ the largest blood vessels have a thick, tough wall of connective tissue and many layers of smooth muscle cells. The wall is lined by a thin single sheet of endothelial cells, the endothelium, separated from the surrounding outer  layers by a basal lamina ‐ endothelial cells arrange themselves in s ...
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/13)
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/13)

...  Phospholipids have both polar and nonpolar sections. As a result, they are able to dissolve in both type of solvents as well.  They are important for living things because they form the borders of all cells (cell membranes) and also participate in forming many cell organelles. ...
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... advantage of passive dispersal mechanisms, move purposefully to pursue nutrients or avoid inhibitors, or avoid predation by other organisms [5,6]. Fundamental to all these considerations is that bacteria must accumulate nutrients that reach them by diffusion alone [7]. A basic tenet is that for suc ...
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... organisms. All organisms are composed of cells, whether they exist as single cells, colonies of cells, or in multicellular form. Cells are usually very small, and for this reason, a thorough understanding of subcellular structure and function has been possible only through advances in electron micro ...
Lab 2: Cell Diversity
Lab 2: Cell Diversity

... organisms. All organisms are composed of cells, whether they exist as single cells, colonies of cells, or in multicellular form. Cells are usually very small, and for this reason, a thorough understanding of subcellular structure and function has been possible only through advances in electron micro ...
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Mycology INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY

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... Lipids are not polymers but are still fairly large molecules for the most part. They are made from carbon and hydrogen which makes them hydrophobic and, therefore, not soluble in water. They include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. A. The main purpose of fats and oils is energy storag ...
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... the form of ATP), the pentose phosphate pathway (which generates NADPH and precursors for a variety of anabolic pathways), and biosynthesis of structural and storage polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, and glycogen). The first step in glucose metabolism, ATP-dependent phosphorylation to yield ...
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Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning

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... of protein synthesis where the translation of the genetic instructions yields specific polypeptides. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs in two forms: smooth and rough. Rough endoplasmic reticulum functions to compartmentalize the cell, serves as mechanical support, provides sitespecific protein synth ...
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... – Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. – Living cells only come from other living cells. ...
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... To rule out this possibility, E. coli, lysed previously to alter cell wall structure, were incubated with T N B T (Table II). Micrographs of these preparations (Fig. 10) showed T N F deposits (arrows) associated with membranous elements of the disrupted organisms. ...
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... larger cells that contain large numbers of Golgi stacks, such as the highly vacuolated tobacco BY-2 cells, these stacks start to accumulate in an equatorial ring underneath the thinning PPB (Dixit and Cyr 2002; Nebenführ et al. 2000). This accumulation, termed the “Golgi belt” (Fig. 1), fully develo ...
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... by As(V). This transposon burst was repressed by WRKY6 overexpression, and many of the As(V)-induced transposons had WRKY binding sites in their promoters. The promoters of at least six of these transposon genes could be directly bound by WRKY6, suggesting that in addition to repressing PHT1;1, WRKY ...
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Bacteriology - Dr. Roberta Dev Anand

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Biology: Cell Bingo
Biology: Cell Bingo

... nucleus, what is the other section of a cell? ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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