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Cell Unit
Cell Unit

... about them later. The nucleus of a cell is round or egg-shaped. It is usually near the middle of the cell. The nucleus is usually darker than the rest of the cell. It is the control center of the cell. It controls all the life processes of a cell. The nucleus also controls cell reproduction. The nuc ...
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Chapter 14 Review
Chapter 14 Review

... biomolecules/carbon compounds lab? For each indicator identify the substance that it tested for. ...
Programmed Cell Death in Development and
Programmed Cell Death in Development and

... crushed by expanding tissues. Not shown is death and corpse management for senescing cells which shares all these features. However, many obvious signs of cell disassembly occur before vacuole disruption in senescent cells. This skeletal model is intended to serve as a unifying theory of many, but n ...
pDsRed-Monomer-Mem Hyg Vector Information
pDsRed-Monomer-Mem Hyg Vector Information

... pDsRed-Monomer-Mem Hyg encodes a fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal 20 amino acids of neuromodulin, also called GAP-43 and a monomeric red fluorescent protein. The neuromodulin fragment contains a signal for posttranslational palmitoylation of cysteines 3 and 4 that targets DsRed-Monomer to ...
Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Cytokinesis

... the growth factor binds with its receptor, the receptor reacts by triggering events within the cell. • Some growth factors, like PDGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF), affect a broad range of cell types, while others affect only specific types. ...
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia

... Hereditary  Defects of hemoglobin  Thalassaemia, Sickle cell anemia  Defects of the red cell membrane  Hereditary spherocytosis, Hereditary elliptocytosis  Defective red cell metabolism (enzymes)  G6PD deficiency. P K deficiency ...
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... The walls of many cells function long after the cells that produced them are dead. Secondary cell walls of the cotyledon and the endosperm of the developing seeds contain little or no cellulose. These secondary walls serve two functions: •Provide a strong wall to protect the embryo or impose mechani ...
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Alanine Probes of Supra-Molecular Structure and Dynamics
Alanine Probes of Supra-Molecular Structure and Dynamics

... addressed by solution NMR spectroscopy. One popular strategy in studies of high-molecular-weight proteins involves the use of a pair of a-ketoacids, a-ketobutyrate and a-ketoisovalerate, which serve as the biosynthetic precursors for the production of Ile and Leu / Val, respectively.1 Addition of th ...
Ionic Basis of Action Potentials
Ionic Basis of Action Potentials

... •  Absolute followed by Relative –  Absolute: no AP by any stimulus –  Relative: AP only by larger stimulus ...
Full Text  - Biochemical Society Transactions
Full Text - Biochemical Society Transactions

... sorting signals [27]. For the fine dissection of the TIPtargeting process, however, heterologous expression may still represent a necessary alternative. Whenever a TIP has been fused to a fluorescent protein, the result has been delivery to the tonoplast of a single vacuolar type [15,16,19–22,28,29] ...
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- Warwick WRAP

... route(s) that sort TIPs to the tonoplast, or about specific tonoplast sorting signals on these proteins. The most abundant experimental information is available for TIP3;1. Early pulsechase experiments on mesophyll protoplasts from transgenic tobacco overexpressing TIP3;1 showed that TIP3;1 can reac ...
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The Single ENTH-Domain Protein of Trypanosomes

GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane
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... with a molecular mass of approximately 27 kDa. It emits green fluorescence upon excitation with UV or blue light. As specific secretory proteins or signals can be fused to GFP, usually without altering their targeting, it is a useful alternative to conventional dyes previously used to investigate en ...
Charge asymmetry in the proteins of the outer membrane
Charge asymmetry in the proteins of the outer membrane

... outer membrane phospholipase in lipid bilayer vesicles demonstrated that substitution of leucine for native residues in lipidfacing positions stabilizes OMBBs and substitution of those same positions to arginine destabilizes OMBBs. The effect of these mutations on stabilization is stronger toward th ...
A Comprehensive Functional Analysis of Ancestral Human Signal
A Comprehensive Functional Analysis of Ancestral Human Signal

Integr. Comp. Biol., 43:55–63 Epithelium—the primary building block
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... the body wall and gut can be produced. The mesoderm also provides the mesenchyme (by sinking of cells from its epithelium into the extracellular matrix) from which organ development becomes possible. The primary building block providing for complex differentiation, then, is epithelium. It is the epi ...
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The Estrogen Trinity: Membrane, Cytosolic, and - Rose

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... 1. The virus finds and joins itself to a host cell 2. The virus enters the cell or injects the genetic material into the cell 3. Once the viruses genes are inside they take over the direction of the host cell and start making new viruses 4. The new viruses break out of the host cell (killing the hos ...
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... use of stains that bind to specific molecular targets. This approach has been used in the analysis of tissue samples, or histology, for many years and has been improved dramatically with the use of antibiotics that bind to very specific molecular structures. This process, called immunocytochemistry, u ...
Membrane Adsorbers as a Tool for Rapid Purification
Membrane Adsorbers as a Tool for Rapid Purification

... pore size of conventional chromatography matrices (typically of the order of 0.1 µm) which means that molecules enter these pores by diffusion. For large molecules, such as chromosomal or plasmid DNA or viruses, their very high molecular weight (up to several megadaltons) means that they enter the p ...
Membrane Adsorbers as a Tool for Rapid
Membrane Adsorbers as a Tool for Rapid

... pore size of conventional chromatography matrices (typically of the order of 0.1 µm) which means that molecules enter these pores by diffusion. For large molecules, such as chromosomal or plasmid DNA or viruses, their very high molecular weight (up to several megadaltons) means that they enter the p ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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