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At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall continuum
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall continuum

... membrane–cell wall adhesion (reviewed in Cvřcková, 2013; Martinière and Runions, 2013). Interestingly, cellulose has recently been shown to restrict plasma membrane protein diffusion, which may explain the slow diffusion of plant plasma membrane proteins compared to those in animal cells that lack c ...
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia

... Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease that affects the red blood cells in your body that carry oxygen. People that are homozygous (aa) for the recessive sickle cell allele have sickle cell anemia and often die at an early age. The red blood cells of people homozygous (aa) for the sickle cell al ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall

... that the CSCs are delivered to DRM microdomains. Lipid analysis revealed that DRMs are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids (Borner et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2007). Sterols are one of the most important regulators of plasma membrane microdomain maintenance (Zauber et al., 2014). Perturbations ...
Changes in the incorporation of carbon derived from glucose into
Changes in the incorporation of carbon derived from glucose into

... was investigated as a function of the cell cycle. After pulse-labelling of exponentially growing populations, centrifugal elutriation was used to isolate various cell fractions of increasing cell size, representing successive stagesof the cell cycle. The total amount of 14Cincorporated per cell was ...
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in mammalian smooth
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in mammalian smooth

... demonstration of ATPase activity at this site, although this function may be unlikely in view of the sparsity of the organelle and its longitudinal disposition in the cell. A previous study of ATPase localization in smooth muscle cells by Rostgaard and Barrnett (12) revealed lead phosphate depositio ...
Amidase overexpression - Duke Trinity College of Arts and Sciences
Amidase overexpression - Duke Trinity College of Arts and Sciences

... National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (CARB). The strategy outlines bold steps to slow the public health threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including efforts to stimulate innovative research. ...
Plant Cell Reports
Plant Cell Reports

... plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The plant has drawn attention due to the production of useful alkaloid compounds such as vinblastine and vincristine which are used for blood cancer treatment (Lounasmaa and Galambos 1989). Vinblastine and vincristine are produced b y coupling two different ...
m - Biochemical Society Transactions
m - Biochemical Society Transactions

... 1). So far, over 150 molecular species of SGL have been identified, based on differences in their CHO chains. There are a few exceptions that show a ‘hybrid’ structure between two or three different series, for example, a ‘lacto-ganglio’hybrid [Z] and a ‘globo-lacto-ganglio’hybrid [31. Most cells di ...
Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic
Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic

... mitochondria movement (Sparkes et al., 2008). Proposed explanations for these effects include competition for myosin effectors and cargo binding sites; however, since little is known about the latter, the formal proof for the mode of action of plant myosin tail domains remains elusive (Sparkes et al ...
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption

... • Filtration = Glomerular filtration rate \ Plasma concentration • A 10 per cent decrease in tubular reabsorption, from 178.5 to 160.7 L/day, would increase urine volume from 1.5 to 19.3 L/day (almost a 13-fold increase) if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained constant. ...
Anti-Lunatic Fringe antibody
Anti-Lunatic Fringe antibody

... autosomal recessive condition of variable severity associated with vertebral and rib segmentation defects. The main skeletal malformations include fusion of vertebrae, hemivertebrae, fusion of certain ribs, and other rib malformations. Deformity of the chest and spine (severe scoliosis, kyphoscolios ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Structure of Bacteria
PowerPoint Presentation - Structure of Bacteria

... • Swarming occurs with some bacteria – Spread across Petri Dish – Proteus species most evident ...
Fluorescent probes for plant imaging
Fluorescent probes for plant imaging

... variety of plant biomolecules, including chlorophyll, carotene, and xanthophyll. Chlorophyll, the major contributor to autofluorescence, has an absorption band in the blue region of the visible spectrum with a high extinction coefficient, and produces a significant amount of fluorescence above 600  ...
Slide 1 (Early Prophase): What is interphase often
Slide 1 (Early Prophase): What is interphase often

... The magnification given, for example, 1000X for Slide 1—Early Prophase—means that the microscope was set at that power when the photograph was taken. 1. Early Prophase (1,000x) The cell A is in a so-called resting stage of interphase. Actually, it is not resting but is carrying on all the functions ...
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in

... was observed in the dense areas among myofilaments in an occasional cell whose plasma membrane had been disrupted during preparation (Fig. 6). Such precipitates were not seen in most cells in these two specimens, nor were they present in the many disrupted cells in the remaining three specimens. In ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules

Structure and function of basement membranes
Structure and function of basement membranes

... other than mammals, including Drosophila and C. elegans, have also contributed to the concept that basement membranes as structures are essential for organogenesis and/or for the mature function of an organ (Volk et al., 1990; Ishii et al., 1992; Rogalski ...
lesson 1: plant cells
lesson 1: plant cells

... A cell is sort of like a miniature factory. Real factories make products, store them in warehouses, and ship them out to customers. Cells make things like sugars, proteins and fats,and they store them and transport them. In this diagram, the plant cell looks flat. Remember that in real life plant ...
Plant-specific mitotic targeting of RanGAP
Plant-specific mitotic targeting of RanGAP

20. A Cellular Adventure
20. A Cellular Adventure

... I finish with this mitochondria. Ryan: No, no no. I’m not waiting to be digested. I’m just trying to get to the nucleus. Lysosome: Good, because for a minute there, I thought you were a lipid that didn’t get synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Ryan: Not quite. Besides, what are you? Lys ...
Membrane flow through Golgi compartments
Membrane flow through Golgi compartments

... membranes following energy depletion The pattern of CGN disassembly was similar to that of Golgi disassembly described in BFA-treated cells (LippincottSchwartz et al., 1989). It has been shown that BFA causes the reversible redistribution of β-COP from Golgi membranes into the cytosol (Donaldson et ...
Bacterial exchange via nanotubes: lessons learned from the history
Bacterial exchange via nanotubes: lessons learned from the history

... and demonstrated sensitivity to treatment with low concentration SDS. Transfer appears to progress as a normal part of growth and replication of the organism linking the cytoplasmic contents of multiple cells containing proteins, RNAs and metabolites. In contrast to more specialized systems, nanotub ...
There are five kingdoms of living organisms.
There are five kingdoms of living organisms.

... microbiologist, yeasts are the most important fungi, so I'll spend a little more time here. Yeast is the common term for any unicellular fungus. The mushrooms and molds are all multicellular organisms, but yeasts usually exist as only a single cell. The cell is larger than a bacterial cell and conta ...
Regulation of blood glucose
Regulation of blood glucose

... that little or no insulin is released, which can lead to hyperglycaemia, for example after eating a meal. The treatment for type I diabetes is using insulin injections. Precise dosages of insulin to counteract food eaten is injected. The necessary dosage is calculated by measuring blood glucose leve ...
Computational Simulation of Optical Tracking of Cell Populations
Computational Simulation of Optical Tracking of Cell Populations

... membrane-impermeant dye that is retained within the cytoplasm of the cell (1,2). During each round of subsequent cell division, the relative intensity of the dye fluorescence is halved. Cells can be analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the intensity distribution of the fluorophore signal within t ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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