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CLONING HUMAN BEINGS The Science of Animal Cloning Commissioned Paper
CLONING HUMAN BEINGS The Science of Animal Cloning Commissioned Paper

... nuclei could be successfully exchanged between zygotes, with 90 percent reaching the blastocyst stage and beyond (McGrath and Solter 1984). Nuclei from 2-cell embryos could direct development to the blastocyst stage, but nuclei from later cleavage stages could not successfully recapitulate developme ...
4th seminar (ELISA, functional)_2016
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... of prediabetic and Type 1 diabetic patients (including approximately 7-10% of adult onset diabetics with Type 1 diabetes) IA-2 (a tyrosine phosphatase-like protein) specific Ab. are found in 50-75% of Type 1 diabetic patients at and prior to disease onset, are generally more prevalent in younger pat ...
Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a self
Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a self

... few have been identified. ODF2 proteins consist of about 590 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of about 70 kDa (Brohmann et al., 1997; Hoyer-Fender et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1999). In the C-terminal region (at amino acid positions 392-413 and 530-551 of rat ODF2) two leucine zipper moti ...
Cell Wall
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... The cell wall is the tough, flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, in addition to acting as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to a ...
PDF file - Via Medica Journals
PDF file - Via Medica Journals

... with another compound containing active hydrogen ions leads to the production of the cross-links. The most common formaldehyde-based fixative is neutral buffered formalin (FA) solution, which was used in this study and is referred to here as FA (formalin is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde). Exam ...
Steroidogenesis - Delta State University
Steroidogenesis - Delta State University

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... and target membranes carry v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs, respectively. The specific interaction between v- and tSNAREs might facilitate both docking and fusion steps. The SNARE proteins have been identified as essential components for membrane trafficking: synaptobrevin family proteins as vSNAREs, and synt ...
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Chapter 5-化學訊息傳導物檔案

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... conformation (Figure 1) [11]. The unique properties of boar spermatozoa can be exploited for monitoring mitochondrial toxins as model targets, because these types of biological objects are insensitive to substances affecting the synthesis or regulation of proteins and nucleic acids in the cytoplasm, ...
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Inner Ear - WTPS.org
Inner Ear - WTPS.org

... tympani). The scala vestibuli terminates at the oval window. The scala tympani terminates at the round window. • The cochlear duct supports the organ of corti, which contains the receptors for hearing. These are sensory hair cells resting on the basilar membrane; the cilia of these hair cells projec ...
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isolation and characterization of a cell wall
isolation and characterization of a cell wall

... mutants of C. reinhardtii. Alternatively, the gametic autolysin responsible for protoplast formation during gametogenesis and mating in C. reinhardtii can be used to strip the walls from vegetative cells and promote uptake of exogenous transforming DNA (Kindle 1998). Although reports of successful t ...
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The detection of nuclear matrix in most primitive present

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... The genetic material is a single .............................. scattered in the cytoplasm. It is not surrounded by a membrane. The flagellum is made of a single ................................., and the bacterium uses it for ............................................ Answer the following questio ...
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Explain advantages of Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

... nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur. Nucleic acids are complex biological molecules which are necessary for life. They are called nucleic acids as they were discovered in the nucleus of the cell and contain phosphate groups which are associated with phosphoric acid. The term nucleic acid c ...
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Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria

... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
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... • Bidirectional transfer of information, but can be unidirectional. • Pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes are in close apposition to each other (~ 3.5 vs. ~ 20 nm in other cells), separated only by regions of cytoplasmic continuity, called gap junctions. - Ions can flow through these gap junctions, ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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