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The Fusarium toxin Enniatin exerts p53
The Fusarium toxin Enniatin exerts p53

... The major mechanism to induce apoptosis is believed to work transcriptionally via p53 binding to the promoter region of bax, a proapoptotic member of the bcl-2 protein family. But there also exists a less common, p53-mediated way of inducing apoptosis, believed to be independent of transcription reg ...
Sodium in plants: perception, signalling, and
Sodium in plants: perception, signalling, and

... For salt-tolerant (halophytic) plants, even high concentrations of Na+ promote growth. Good examples are species such as Suaeda maritima and Salicornia spp that show a drastic increase in growth when salt is present in the growth substrate. Even substrates with salinity levels that approach seawater ...
Rab13 regulates PKA signaling during tight junction assembly
Rab13 regulates PKA signaling during tight junction assembly

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type VI Secretion Phospholipase D Effector Targets Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type VI Secretion Phospholipase D Effector Targets Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

... periplasm of target Gram-negative bacteria cells to degrade the peptidoglycan cell wall (Russell et al., 2011). Tse2 is a cytoplasmic effector that acts as a potent inhibitor of target cell proliferation (Li et al., 2012). And an Rhs (rearrangement hotspot) protein from Dickeya dadantii was shown to ...
gcat.davidson.edu
gcat.davidson.edu

... transduction in the cell. ● Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration trigger events in the cell such as enzyme activation. ● Ca2+ events often involve complex molecular interactions such as phosphorylation cascades. ...
Comparative immunolocalization of the plasma membrane calcium
Comparative immunolocalization of the plasma membrane calcium

pdf file
pdf file

... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
Biology
Biology

... Identify, from fresh preparations, the cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm in an animal cell and the cell wall, cell membrane, sap vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus and chloroplasts in a plant cell Preparation of the wet mounts of tissue from flowering plants and study of plant and animal tissues from ch ...
TRANSFER CELL WALL ARCHITECTURE IN SECRETORY HAIRS
TRANSFER CELL WALL ARCHITECTURE IN SECRETORY HAIRS

... wall and fill a large area of the cell lumen (Fig. 4). The wall ingrowths observed in SEM are branched, anastomosing finger-like structures (Fig. 5), which form a labyrinth. Observed in TEM, the wall projections consist of two different structural regions. They have a dense core surrounded by electr ...
``Self-Assisted`` Amoeboid Navigation in Complex Environments
``Self-Assisted`` Amoeboid Navigation in Complex Environments

... environment by various passive as well as active processes: The cell can adhere or de-adhere to the extra -cellular matrix or to neighboring cells [12,13], apply forces and even actively degrade the ECM by proteases [14]. Many attempts have been made to model different aspects of directed migration ...
Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus
Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus

... that were studied lacked not only oscillin but also the Slayer underlying the oscillin fibrils and also did not produce slime (Hoiczyk and Baumeister, 1997). Oscillin is proposed to play a passive role in gliding, with its helically arranged fibrils serving to guide the secreted slime. The interacti ...
Endokrinologi
Endokrinologi

... receptors, whereas others (eg, steroids, thyroid hormones) bind intracellular receptors that act in the nucleus. Some hormones (eg, estrogens and progestins) bind multiple receptors, which are present on both the cell surface and inside the cell. ...
How Do Plant Mitochondria Avoid Importing Chloroplast Proteins
How Do Plant Mitochondria Avoid Importing Chloroplast Proteins

... known sizes of subunits in the yeast complex. In particular, no homologs of Tom37 or Tom22 were apparent and there was an additional protein of around 9 kD. The absence of Tom37 from the plant complex was not so surprising, since this subunit is also missing from the N. crassa complex, and the Tom37 ...
Forever Young | Book by Nicholas Perricone | Excerpt
Forever Young | Book by Nicholas Perricone | Excerpt

... validate my own research regarding how and why we age. The release of this study just as I was delivering my manuscript to my publisher was very exciting, because the researchers’ discovery echoes the underlying theme of this book. I have gone beyond the science of why we age to search for practical ...
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with

... antibody that recognises the PANA antigen, which was previously found to be a marker of interchromatin granules in animal cells (Clevenger and Epstein 1984). In onion root meristematic cells, the PANA antigen was seen as speckles, which occasionally formed elongated shapes (Fig. 1c) and were mostly ...
MULLINEAUXLossOfTheSPHF2011FINAL
MULLINEAUXLossOfTheSPHF2011FINAL

Structure, function and mechanism of G
Structure, function and mechanism of G

... Praefcke, McMahon, „The dynamin superfamily: universal membrane tubulation and fission molecules?” Nat Rev Mol Cell Biology (2004) McMahon, Gallop, „Membrane curvature and mechanisms of dynamic cell membrane remodelling”, Nature (2005) ...
Cell A.
Cell A.

... • Mammal hormone - Insulin – regulates blood sugar levels in mammals – a protein with thousands of atoms. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
NAME: GLORY P.A. BRIGGS MATRICULATION NUMER: 14/MHS06
NAME: GLORY P.A. BRIGGS MATRICULATION NUMER: 14/MHS06

... Skeletal muscles are long cylindrical cells with many nuclei per cell. It has a stripy appearance because of the repeating structure of the muscle. There are many myofibrils each one of each is made up of repeating units called muscle sarcomeres, each sarcomere being 2.5mm long. Skeletal muscles are ...
Nutrient uptake and accumulation by sugarcane cell cultures in
Nutrient uptake and accumulation by sugarcane cell cultures in

... Medium ...
presentation source
presentation source

... 1 Direct cation interference with catalysis Many enzymes have sites for cations, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+. Other cations, such as K+ and Na+, have weak but significant affinity for the same sites. [K+]i and [Na+]i >> [Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i. Organic solutes are neutral or zwitterionic and do not interfere ...
The molecular basis for selective assembly of the UBAP1
The molecular basis for selective assembly of the UBAP1

... ESCRT-I is essential for the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting of ubiquitylated cargo such as epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as for several cellular functions, such as cell division and retroviral budding. ESCRT-I has four subunits; TSG101, VPS28, VPS37 and MVB12. There are several member ...
CLONING HUMAN BEINGS The Science of Animal Cloning Commissioned Paper
CLONING HUMAN BEINGS The Science of Animal Cloning Commissioned Paper

... nuclei could be successfully exchanged between zygotes, with 90 percent reaching the blastocyst stage and beyond (McGrath and Solter 1984). Nuclei from 2-cell embryos could direct development to the blastocyst stage, but nuclei from later cleavage stages could not successfully recapitulate developme ...
Section 1
Section 1

... In 1838, Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells. In 1839, Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made of cells. In 1855, Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells were created only from division of existing cells. These discoveries led to the cell theory. Slide 8 of 31 ...
7-1 powerpoint
7-1 powerpoint

... plants were made of cells. In 1839, Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made of cells. In 1855, Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells were created only from division of existing cells. These discoveries led to the cell theory. Slide 8 of 31 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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