BioScience®
... more fodder to demolish the anti-intellectual arguments about the complexity of cilia being a hindrance to their evolution by natural selection. There are a wide range of microtubule-containing cell surface extensions found among protists, and they perform multiple functions, such as organelle trans ...
... more fodder to demolish the anti-intellectual arguments about the complexity of cilia being a hindrance to their evolution by natural selection. There are a wide range of microtubule-containing cell surface extensions found among protists, and they perform multiple functions, such as organelle trans ...
Mitochondrial Transfer Is Transplantation, Not Genetic Engineering
... From an ethical perspective, mitochondrial transfer is most accurately described as a form of transplantation, or "micro-organ" transplantation. The human body is made up of microscopic building blocks called cells. There are around 100 trillion of them in the human body. There are around 200 differ ...
... From an ethical perspective, mitochondrial transfer is most accurately described as a form of transplantation, or "micro-organ" transplantation. The human body is made up of microscopic building blocks called cells. There are around 100 trillion of them in the human body. There are around 200 differ ...
Phosphatidylserine, a death knell
... years, however, a growing body of evidence has suggested that physical and chemical properties of the bilayer itself, such as the thickness of the hydrophobic core1 or local lateral domains of specialized lipid composition2 ± 4 may play significant roles in the assembly and organization of cellular ...
... years, however, a growing body of evidence has suggested that physical and chemical properties of the bilayer itself, such as the thickness of the hydrophobic core1 or local lateral domains of specialized lipid composition2 ± 4 may play significant roles in the assembly and organization of cellular ...
Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated via different pathways. The PCW begins to form along wit ...
... structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated via different pathways. The PCW begins to form along wit ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... contrast, Sec12p is uniformly distributed along the ER network and does not accumulate in these structures, consistent with the fact that Sec12p does not become part of a COPII vesicle. We propose that punctate accumulation of Sar1p represents ER export sites (ERES). The sites may represent a combin ...
... contrast, Sec12p is uniformly distributed along the ER network and does not accumulate in these structures, consistent with the fact that Sec12p does not become part of a COPII vesicle. We propose that punctate accumulation of Sar1p represents ER export sites (ERES). The sites may represent a combin ...
The Tobacco Homolog of Mammalian Calreticulin
... products to their final locations, causes a constant leakage of ER resident proteins to more dista1 compartments of the endomembrane system. The eukaryotic cell has developed efficient means to limit this leakage to a minimum to maintain adequate levels of intrinsic ER components at the site where t ...
... products to their final locations, causes a constant leakage of ER resident proteins to more dista1 compartments of the endomembrane system. The eukaryotic cell has developed efficient means to limit this leakage to a minimum to maintain adequate levels of intrinsic ER components at the site where t ...
Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in
... gravity with similar kinetics to wild-type plants, although the parental zig-1 plants showed little response even after 24 hr. In addition, their lateral stems, which in the parental zig-1 mutant curl downward, grew upward (Figure 2B). Interestingly, however, pSCR::ZIG could not complement the morph ...
... gravity with similar kinetics to wild-type plants, although the parental zig-1 plants showed little response even after 24 hr. In addition, their lateral stems, which in the parental zig-1 mutant curl downward, grew upward (Figure 2B). Interestingly, however, pSCR::ZIG could not complement the morph ...
Skin and bones: the bacterial cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell
... it from the turgor pressure exerted by the cytoplasm. The wall restrains the turgor pressure to avoid swelling and lysis, and the turgor pressure, in turn, is regarded as one of the primary forces that stretches the wall, favoring bond breaking and new PG insertion during cell growth (Koch, 1985; Ha ...
... it from the turgor pressure exerted by the cytoplasm. The wall restrains the turgor pressure to avoid swelling and lysis, and the turgor pressure, in turn, is regarded as one of the primary forces that stretches the wall, favoring bond breaking and new PG insertion during cell growth (Koch, 1985; Ha ...
Intercellular adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton
... in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells18. At the initial stages of calcium-induced intercellular adhesion, E-cadherin, βcatenin and α-catenin organize into distinct aggregates, referred to as ‘puncta’18,19. These cadherin–catenin complexes are linked to the cytoskeleton through thin bu ...
... in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells18. At the initial stages of calcium-induced intercellular adhesion, E-cadherin, βcatenin and α-catenin organize into distinct aggregates, referred to as ‘puncta’18,19. These cadherin–catenin complexes are linked to the cytoskeleton through thin bu ...
Characterization and Expression of Monosaccharide Transporters
... bidopsis (STP1), and humans (GLUT1), with a similar position of twelve hydrophobic transmembrane domains separated by a central long hydrophilic region (Fig. 1). Henderson et al. (1992) and Pao et al. (1998) proposed conserved motifs on sugar transport proteins including those having the transport a ...
... bidopsis (STP1), and humans (GLUT1), with a similar position of twelve hydrophobic transmembrane domains separated by a central long hydrophilic region (Fig. 1). Henderson et al. (1992) and Pao et al. (1998) proposed conserved motifs on sugar transport proteins including those having the transport a ...
Review Handout
... Cells are in close contact with one another; there is little intercellular matrix Cells form: Sheets that line body surfaces (internal and external) Glands derived from the surface sheets Cells are often linked by many types of membrane junctions Functions include: Protect against mechanical abrasio ...
... Cells are in close contact with one another; there is little intercellular matrix Cells form: Sheets that line body surfaces (internal and external) Glands derived from the surface sheets Cells are often linked by many types of membrane junctions Functions include: Protect against mechanical abrasio ...
MS Cell Division, Reproduction, and Protein Synthesis
... Before a eukaryotic cell divides, the nucleus and other organelles must be copied. Only then will each daughter cell have all the needed structures. 1. The first step in eukaryotic cell division, as it is in prokaryotic cell division, is DNA replication. As you can see in Figure 1.5, each chromosome ...
... Before a eukaryotic cell divides, the nucleus and other organelles must be copied. Only then will each daughter cell have all the needed structures. 1. The first step in eukaryotic cell division, as it is in prokaryotic cell division, is DNA replication. As you can see in Figure 1.5, each chromosome ...
IRIC NEXT GENERATION INTERNSHIP AWARDS
... interphase. Although this series of cell shape transformations were originally described more than 130 years ago, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have established that Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (ERM) proteins, control cell morphogenesis during mitosis. During mitosis Drosophila M ...
... interphase. Although this series of cell shape transformations were originally described more than 130 years ago, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have established that Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (ERM) proteins, control cell morphogenesis during mitosis. During mitosis Drosophila M ...
... characterized vesicle morphology and protein composition by a combination of techniques including electron microscopy, proteomics, enzymatic activity, and serological reactivity. Secretory vesicles in C. neoformans appear to be correlated with exosome-like compartments derived from multivesicular bo ...
PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER TRAFFIC FACILITATOR1 Is a Plant
... not mislocalized, and the secretion of Pi starvation–induced RNases was not affected in the mutant. PHF1 encodes a plantspecific protein structurally related to the SEC12 proteins of the early secretory pathway. However, PHF1 lacks most of the conserved residues in SEC12 proteins essential as guanin ...
... not mislocalized, and the secretion of Pi starvation–induced RNases was not affected in the mutant. PHF1 encodes a plantspecific protein structurally related to the SEC12 proteins of the early secretory pathway. However, PHF1 lacks most of the conserved residues in SEC12 proteins essential as guanin ...
the fine structure of the mid-body of the rat
... usually seen running from the bridge into the adjoining cytoplasm of the daughter cells (Figs. 5 to 7). The final process of the rupture of the bridge is not conveniently studied in thin sections because of the difficulty of distinguishing truly parted bridges from those sectioned obliquely. We have ...
... usually seen running from the bridge into the adjoining cytoplasm of the daughter cells (Figs. 5 to 7). The final process of the rupture of the bridge is not conveniently studied in thin sections because of the difficulty of distinguishing truly parted bridges from those sectioned obliquely. We have ...
Cytoplasmatic Bacterial Membrane Responses to Environmental
... (in DB21MT-2) and 22:6 (in both) polyunsaturated fatty acids. The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids is uncommon in most bacteria but present in a higher proportion of isolates from low temperature and deep-sea environments [42]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are probably produced by deep-sea bac ...
... (in DB21MT-2) and 22:6 (in both) polyunsaturated fatty acids. The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids is uncommon in most bacteria but present in a higher proportion of isolates from low temperature and deep-sea environments [42]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are probably produced by deep-sea bac ...
Information, Noise and Communication: Thresholds as Controlling
... between individual cells from the same culture. Lango and Hasty (2006) list 25 papers that have used this technology. The ultimate has been the imaging of the synthesis of individual protein and mRNA molecules. The most common detection of noise has been to compare copy numbers of both specific mRNA ...
... between individual cells from the same culture. Lango and Hasty (2006) list 25 papers that have used this technology. The ultimate has been the imaging of the synthesis of individual protein and mRNA molecules. The most common detection of noise has been to compare copy numbers of both specific mRNA ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
Smart thermoresponsive coatings and surfaces for tissue
... perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the culture temperature, and then release the cultured cell sheets on command, by cooling below the LCST. These cell ...
... perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the culture temperature, and then release the cultured cell sheets on command, by cooling below the LCST. These cell ...
Traffic into silence: endomembranes and
... temporal compartmentalization of macromolecule synthesis, sorting, delivery, and degradation. It consists of a variety of organelles that are connected either directly or through transport vesicles, the formation of which necessitates the selective recruitment of coat proteins (clathrin, COPI, COPII ...
... temporal compartmentalization of macromolecule synthesis, sorting, delivery, and degradation. It consists of a variety of organelles that are connected either directly or through transport vesicles, the formation of which necessitates the selective recruitment of coat proteins (clathrin, COPI, COPII ...
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
... What is cancer? Certain genes contain the information necessary to make the proteins that regulate cell growth and division. If one of these genes is mutated, the protein may not function, and regulation of cell growth and division can be disrupted. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells. Some m ...
... What is cancer? Certain genes contain the information necessary to make the proteins that regulate cell growth and division. If one of these genes is mutated, the protein may not function, and regulation of cell growth and division can be disrupted. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells. Some m ...
49 Localization of enzymes in certain secretory cells of Helix
... phosphatase is present in smooth lamellar aggregates, and the TPPase activity in membrane-bounded, spheroidal lipochondria, similar to the mixed lipid globules of Helix. However, in the spermatid of Helix, alkaline phosphatase and TPPase are localized in the Golgi lamellae; acid phosphatase is not p ...
... phosphatase is present in smooth lamellar aggregates, and the TPPase activity in membrane-bounded, spheroidal lipochondria, similar to the mixed lipid globules of Helix. However, in the spermatid of Helix, alkaline phosphatase and TPPase are localized in the Golgi lamellae; acid phosphatase is not p ...