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... bladder, relaxed state (360X); note the bulbous, or rounded, appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine. ...
Document
Document

... Plants exposed to high light intensity or grown under long-term sunlight conditions like in southern countries in Northern Hemisphere have much larger K requirement Improving K nutritional status of plants is a major contributing factor to the protection of plants from environmental stress factors ...
Homeostasis - MF011 General Biology 2
Homeostasis - MF011 General Biology 2

... interstitial fluid, which is hyperosmotic to the filtrate  The filtrate becomes increasingly concentrated STEP 4: Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle  In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, salt but not water is able to diffuse from the tubule into the interstitial fluid  The filtrate become ...
PROTISTS - SharpSchool
PROTISTS - SharpSchool

... change their shape constantly because their PSEUDOPODS are constantly changing. Pseudopods also help amoebas to get food by ENGULFING and move towards the light. ...
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane

... A molecule that cannot cross the membrane may bind to a receptor in the cell membrane, as shown in Figure 3.4. The receptor then sends the message to the cell interior. Although the receptor binds to a signal molecule outside the cell, the entire receptor changes shape—even the part inside the cell. ...
Slide 1 - ProCRNA
Slide 1 - ProCRNA

... 1. Considering decompressing the stomach with an orogastric tube 2. Zofran 0.10-0.15 mg/kg with or without dexamethasone Dehydration Postoperative hemorrhage—75% occurs within 6 hours of surgery 1. If re-exploration is necessary, patient is considered to have a full stomach 2. monitor for orthostati ...
Biomedical Technologies
Biomedical Technologies

... of ocular surface injuries  Surgical adhesion mitigating technologies, including sprayable antiadhesion barriers  Molecular burn dressings with controlled drug elution ...
Platelet Role in Leukocyte Extravasation
Platelet Role in Leukocyte Extravasation

... inside of the blood vessel until they find a good site for "extravasation" or exiting the blood vessel. How the leukocytes actually extravasate to the tissues is unknown. What is known is that immune cells gather at endothelial cell junctions, which are places where endothelial cells join together. S ...
Document
Document

... – manage and control symptoms, limit the frequency of crises. – Painful episodes are treated with pain medicines and by drinking plenty of fluids. Nonnarcotic medications may be effective, but some patients will need narcotics. – Blood transfusions are used to treat a sickle cell crisis. They may al ...
Nephrogenesis
Nephrogenesis

... • The ureter-derived collecting duct is induced to branch, while the mesenchymal blastema is induced to enter the critical process of mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion or transition (MET). ...
Janna Arnold
Janna Arnold

Document
Document

... active and passive; humoral and cellmediated) • Features of immune responses • The major cells of the immune system ...
cells - RCBOE.org
cells - RCBOE.org

... This is an educated guess based upon observation. It is a rational explanation of a single event or phenomenon based upon what is observed, but which has not been proved. Most hypotheses can be supported or refuted by experimentation or continued observation. ...
primary growth of roots
primary growth of roots

... • THE VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRODUCES SECONDARY XYLEM TO ITS INSIDE AND SECONDARY PHLOEM OUTSIDE • CORK CAMBIUM FORMS FROM THE PERICYCLE OF THE STELE AND PRODUCES THE PERIDERM, WHICH BECOMES SECONDARY DERMAL TISSUE – PERIDERM IS IMPERMEABLE TO WATER, SO THE ROOTS WITH THE SECONDARY GROWTH FUNCTION TO ANCH ...
Cell Growth and Cell Division
Cell Growth and Cell Division

... reproduce until they come into contact with other cells. • When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by not growing. • This demonstrates that controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off. ...
Regulation Notes Activity Page 39: Endocrine/Nerve Cell Coloring
Regulation Notes Activity Page 39: Endocrine/Nerve Cell Coloring

... Skeletal) work together to prevent injury if you touch a hot stove. ...
File
File

... - composed of the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli - together with the heart occupies the thoracic cavity - they are covered by a plural membrane which secretes a mucous coating to lubricate the lungs ...
Ribosomes - juan-roldan
Ribosomes - juan-roldan

... •Proteins produced by the ER flow in transport vessicles to the Golgi •Golgi pinches off vessicles that give rise to lysosomes, vessicles and vacuoles •Lysosomes can fuse with another vessicle for digestion •Transport vessicle carries proteins to plasma membrane for secretion •Plasma membrane expand ...
File
File

... Suggest how having more stomata on the lower surface (rather than upper side) of the leaf helps the plant to survive better. ...
Chemokines
Chemokines

... Figure 2. Chemokine:receptor interactions. Solid lines represent receptor:agonist interactions and dotted lines receptor:antagonist interactions. Adapted from: Rot A. Ann Rev Immunol. 2004;22:891-928 ...
'Receptor-ligand interactions - cell signaling, adhesion
'Receptor-ligand interactions - cell signaling, adhesion

... -almost all cells have specialized junctions that allow the free passage of materials (e.g. signaling molecules) back and forth -these junctions = gap junctions -made of a channel protein called connexon -connexons interact to form channels between two cells -one important compound small enough to t ...
A recurrent model of orientation maps with simple and complex cells
A recurrent model of orientation maps with simple and complex cells

... PO map for directions from 180 to 360 degrees, looking at the inhibitory cell population (the data looks similar for other cell types). Black contours represent stable bump regions, or equivalently, the regions that exceed a prescribed threshold (90 spikes) for all directions. The PO map from the bu ...
Unit 2 Kind`a nice to know
Unit 2 Kind`a nice to know

... Chapters 6 and 7 ...
structural organisation in animals
structural organisation in animals

... Hydra is made of different types of cells and the number of cells in each type can be in thousands. The human body is composed of billions of cells to perform various functions. How do these cells in the body work together? In multicellular animals, a group of similar cells alongwith intercellular s ...
siop lesson plan for
siop lesson plan for

... WHAT IS A CELL? The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and are often called the "building blocks of life". Cells consist of a protoplasm enclosed within a membrane, whic ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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