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CHAPTER 19: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 19: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

... bronchi as they branch deep into the lungs to form terminal bronchioles. Epithelium is reduced to simple columnar ET, cartilage decreases and smooth muscle increases. ...
Interaction of Bacterial Populations in Coupled Microchambers
Interaction of Bacterial Populations in Coupled Microchambers

... to accumulate on the left side of the channel (where the channel overlaps with the LB-containing reservoir). This accumulation was a result of the active movement of the cells. Bacteria that were initially on the right edge of the channel moved across the middle and to left side, as may be seen on t ...
Shot to the heart… and you`re to blame!
Shot to the heart… and you`re to blame!

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... • The thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis due to absent or defective synthesis of the a or β chains of adult hemoglobin. • The defect is inherited as a mendelian trait, and a person may be heterozygous for the trait and have a mild form of the disease or be homozy ...
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Imaging Organic and Biological Materials with Low Voltage

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bacteria - mr-e

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RICKETTSIA, CHLAMYDIA, MYCOPLASMA

... In dilute buffered salt solutions, isolated rickettsia are unstable, losing both metabolic activity and infectivity for animal cells. If, however, the medium is enriched with potassium, serum albumin and sucrose, the isolated organisms can survive for many hours. If ATP is added to the solution, the ...
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... cell without killing it or breaking out. With some viruses such as HIV, this period can last a number of years. This is why people can remain infected with HIV without realizing they are infected. ...
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Callyspongia plicifera

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...  Maintains the pH levels and ionic concentration of fluids in the body.  Helps maintain the body temperature, this is especially important in warm blooded animals like humans. ...
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Plasma Membrane - Warren County Schools

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the body atlas - Ambrose Video

... The embryo's bones start growth at about 9 1/2 weeks. It is born with 350 bones but they will fuse to 206 by birth. Bones' length range from a fraction of an inch to 2 feet. Bones' hardness is made up of calcium and phosphorus. Bones’ crystals, layered for strength, gradually dissolve and are carri ...
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The neural crest

... while migrating? Despite intense scrutiny, there is still some controversy as to the extent of the multipotency of the NC. Although experimental data suggest that the vast majority of NC cells are not predetermined and differentiate as a result of the signals that they encounter in their environment ...
IM_ch23 - TCbiology1500
IM_ch23 - TCbiology1500

... Open and Closed Circulatory Systems (p. 508; Fig. 23.1) A. Circulatory systems may be open or closed. B. In open circulatory systems, there is no distinction between the circulating fluid (blood, or hemolymph) and the extracellular fluid of the body tissues. C. In closed circulatory systems, the cir ...
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What are blood types?

... Around 1900, Karl Landsteiner discovered that there are four different types of human blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens found on the surface of the red blood cells. In 1940, Landsteiner and Weiner reported the discovery of the Rh factor by studying the blood of the Rhesus m ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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