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Skin and bones: the bacterial cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell
Skin and bones: the bacterial cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell

... rapidly shrinks with increased size. Meanwhile, a rod can maintain a viable ratio with greater volumes. Other bacteria develop one or more long, thin appendages that effectively increase the exposed surface area without substantially increasing volume. The shape of a bacterium is not dictated by dif ...
The major salivary glands
The major salivary glands

...  The minor salivary glands do not have a capsule.  Secretory acini are organized into lobules.  Acini are of three types: serous, mucous, or mixed. ...
The circulatory System
The circulatory System

... • HEART BEAT IS SET BY THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE (PACEMAKER ABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY ABLE TO GENERATE NERVOUS SIGNALS TO GET THE HEART TO CONTRACT WITHOUT ANY OTHER NERVOUS CONNECTION), A SPECIALIZED MUSCLE TISSUE, LOCATED ON THE RIGHT ATRIUM • SENDS A SIGNAL THAT MAKES THE ATRIA CONTRACT AND SQUEEZE B ...
antibodies
antibodies

... The serum IgG from her was assumed to be monoclonal because it migrated as a tight band on electrophoresis in an agarose gel, and because it reacted with antibodies to lambda but not to kappa chains. What other evidence could be brought to bear to prove the monoclonality of this IgG? The IgG could a ...
Module 1 Notes
Module 1 Notes

... (transpiration). As water evaporates it extracts heat from around it, cooling the organism.  Latent heat of fusion. Water also requires a lot of heat to change state from a solid to a liquid, and must loose a lot of heat to change state from a liquid to a solid. This means it is difficult to freeze ...
5.3 unit 2 theme 1 Hormones
5.3 unit 2 theme 1 Hormones

... • Both temperature and blood-sugar level are controlled by hormones ...
Exploring the Living World
Exploring the Living World

... a special type of cell division called meiosis (we explain meiosis in detail in Chapter 6). When their reproductive cells combined, your dad and mom each donated half of your genetic information — 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 from dad — for a total of 46 chromosomes in each of your cells. The gene ...
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... Passive Processes: Osmosis • Water concentration is determined by solute concentration because solute particles displace water molecules • Osmolarity: The measure of total concentration of solute particles • When solutions of different osmolarity are separated by a membrane, osmosis occurs until eq ...
Organ Systems of the Body
Organ Systems of the Body

...  Cellular – cells are made of molecules  Tissue – consists of similar types of cells  Organ – made up of different types of tissues  Organ system – consists of different organs that ...
Ch.1 PPT
Ch.1 PPT

...  Cellular – cells are made of molecules  Tissue – consists of similar types of cells  Organ – made up of different types of tissues  Organ system – consists of different organs that ...
BI0I 121 cell and tissues
BI0I 121 cell and tissues

... A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have A. DNA strung out as much longer double—stranded molecules. B. many more small, circular DNA molecules. c. more DNA but smaller cells because of less protein and lipid. D. much larger quantities of DNA. E. several DNA mole ...
Zygotic expression of the pebble locus is required for cytokinesis
Zygotic expression of the pebble locus is required for cytokinesis

... through the cell cycle (for reviews, see Nurse, 1990; Reed, 1991). Much less is known about the usage of cell cycle control points in the developmental regulation of cell proliferation. Developmental regulation of the cell cycle in eukaryotes has been documented in a number of cases. In the budding ...
01-01_pptlect
01-01_pptlect

...  Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels  Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood  Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream  Houses white blood cells involved with immunity Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as ...
Nondestructive Manipulation of Single Live Plant Cell by Laser
Nondestructive Manipulation of Single Live Plant Cell by Laser

... Especially, the force of the shockwave is considered to become much larger than that of the conventional laser trapping. Hence, the shockwave has a potential to realize a single cell manipulation which is impossible only by conventional cell manipulation, for example illustration in Fig. 1, where it ...
Chapter 3—Cells
Chapter 3—Cells

... kinds of cells. To survive in an extreme environment, every kind of cell would have to adapt. This adaptation would also have to happen at the same time, or damage to one type of cell would affect the whole organism. ...
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1/2, a
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1/2, a

... muscle-specific genes during differentiation. Microinjection of anti-SRF antibodies blocked the serum induction of the c-fos gene in NIH3T3 cells as well as the expression of musclespecific genes and the terminal differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts (9, 10). Skeletal muscle differentiation in ...
pdf
pdf

... of cell walls. More recently, researchers have begun using in situ methods, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopies, to study the behavior of bacteria-water interfaces, and their interactions with various chemicals.33-35 While these studies have shown the dominant vibrational modes of lipopolysacc ...
A conserved role for kinesin-5 in plant mitosis
A conserved role for kinesin-5 in plant mitosis

... is present usually as a single-copy gene. These plant proteins have similarity to mammalian Eg5, particularly in the motor domain, but also throughout the rest of the sequence. It is unknown whether any or all of these motors function in the plant mitotic spindle or whether, with their duplication, ...
Survival Mechanisms of Extremophiles
Survival Mechanisms of Extremophiles

... group II and Ferroplasma type II and suggested that a wide variety of genes could be responsible for the impermeability of the cell membrane and preventing the inflow of protons to the cells. The above studies indicated that the genomes of organisms in microbial communities may reveal pathways for c ...
PDF - Science Matters
PDF - Science Matters

... the student’s notebooks, or if each student will make a life-size poster. The latter is more engaging, but more time consuming. If you use the life size poster, remind girls to wear pants on this day. 2. Copy appropriate size cut-outs (notebook or life size) for each student. ...
chapter 42 - MagnusonScience
chapter 42 - MagnusonScience

... • Crocodilians, birds, mammals, ventricle completely divided into separate right and left chambers. • Left side receives, pumps only oxygen-rich blood; right side handles only oxygen-poor blood. ...
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Circulation and Gas Exchange

... • Crocodilians, birds, mammals, ventricle completely divided into separate right and left chambers. • Left side receives, pumps only oxygen-rich blood; right side handles only oxygen-poor blood. ...
File - wHOOSe Learning
File - wHOOSe Learning

... Structural adaptations include such things as body color, body covering, beak type, and claw type. Organisms also have behavioral adaptations, or certain types of activities they perform, which help them meet a life need. Organisms have structures uniquely adapted for their particular needs. A seed- ...
Document
Document

... bringing in some more cell physiology and molecular biology. Overhead: Withers 1-2 (species distribution) Medical objectives have driven physiology research on mammals and created a knowledge base that by far supercedes what we know about the physiology of all other animal groups combined. If we put ...
ACP Level 1 A Microscopic Look at Essential Oils
ACP Level 1 A Microscopic Look at Essential Oils

... mutually beneficial (symbiotic) associations with other organisms, such as the partnership between plants that provide food and shelter to bacteria in their roots that convert nitrogen from the air into ammonia ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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