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... Gata4, a zinc-finger-containing transcriptional regulator and known PrE marker (Fig. 1A, see also Movie 1 in the supplementary material). We next investigated whether a pre-existing PdgfrαH2B-GFP line (Hamilton et al., 2003) could serve as a reporter of PrE. In E4.0 PdgfraH2B-GFP embryos, GFP was co ...
Lect_03_312014
Lect_03_312014

... Transcription factors?: Heavy chain of MII and MXVIIIb have been directly implicated in the activation of genes required for differentiation. Scafolding complexes : myosins (NMI, MII) together with actin and intermediate filament proteins (lamins and emerin) form complexes that provide a link betwee ...
Fate mapping and cell lineage analysis of Hensen`s node in the
Fate mapping and cell lineage analysis of Hensen`s node in the

... stains (Spratt, 1955), and radiolabelled grafts (Rosenquist, 1983), which have allowed the cell types generated by the node to be identified. However, these techniques are not always reliable because, for example, it cannot be assumed that carbon particles will always remain attached to the cells on ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... G and H. Close-up views of single transformed cells shown in part B. A, C and E. Bright field images. B, D, F, G and H. Fluorescence images. ...
Cell cycle and differentiation
Cell cycle and differentiation

... cell-cycle decisions appear to precede differentiation (Figure 2a). Another link between cell-division control and the formation of meristemoid cells comes from the work of Boudolf and colleagues [5]. Their work showed that a B-type cyclin-dependent kinase gene, CDKB1;1, is specifically expressed ...
1. dia
1. dia

... CHEMOTAXIS ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCES - Elective Subject - ...
Synthetic biology evolves
Synthetic biology evolves

... 7 Dusart, D. et al. (1997) A functional neo-centromere formed through activation of a latent human centromere and consisting of non-alphasatellite DNA. Nat. Genet. 16, 144 – 153 8 Alonso, A. et al. (2003) Genomic microarray analysis reveals distinct locations for the CENP-A binding domains in three ...
S10 Notes L2C8 Cell transport
S10 Notes L2C8 Cell transport

... be immersed in a solution with the right solute concentration. Explain how problems with each of these two conditions might affect the filtering of a patient’s blood. 3. What is a transdermal patch, how does it work and what is it used for? 4. Scientists who study cell membranes often work with memb ...
Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools
Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools

... • The phospholipids organize themselves into a bilayer. • The interior of the membrane is fluid, which allows some molecules to move laterally in the membrane. ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline

... 5. Prokaryotes adapted to most environments because they differ in the many ways they acquire and utilize energy. 6. Outside the plasma membrane of most cells is a rigid cell wall that keeps the cell from bursting or collapsing due to osmotic changes by peptidoglycan, a complex molecule containing a ...
Mechanisms of Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 2
Mechanisms of Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 2

the single-cell preparation guide
the single-cell preparation guide

... This guide is an Experimental Method and is provided “as is.” NO WARRANTIES ARE PROVIDED, ...
(Momordica charantia) and Bitter (Andrographis
(Momordica charantia) and Bitter (Andrographis

... the immune system will produce B220 (surface marker) during the formation of plasma cells [11]. In addition, the increase in the relative amount of B220 cells caused by STZ mice injected into the body will cause free radical formation in the body preformance. Free radical in the body will cause oxid ...
Murray Baker project - About Research @ UWA : Research
Murray Baker project - About Research @ UWA : Research

... Supervisor: Prof Murray Baker. Both projects will be done in collaboration with PhD students. Students will need some prior experience in organic laboratory chemistry. Medicinal applications of transition metal complexes. This project will examine the synthesis and reactions (including kinetics) of ...
Chemokines
Chemokines

... Figure 2. Chemokine:receptor interactions. Solid lines represent receptor:agonist interactions and dotted lines receptor:antagonist interactions. Adapted from: Rot A. Ann Rev Immunol. 2004;22:891-928 ...
Can J Bot
Can J Bot

... phenolics by affected plant cells. Phenolic compounds accumulating in plant cells as a plant defense response against microorganisms are known to fluoresce (Jahnen and Hahlbrock 1988). There is some evidence that the accumulation of autofluorescent material can occur within the fungal cell wall (Ben ...
Berberine Use in Stimulating Apoptosis
Berberine Use in Stimulating Apoptosis

... and rhizomes, and stem bark of the plants. Most commonly used in diabetic patients to reduce blood sugar, other uses have exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against a variety of organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, parasitic worms, and chlamydia. Much research has cent ...
Diffusion
Diffusion

... • Exocytosis: cell forms a sac around substance, the sac moves to the membrane and “spits out” substance. ...
Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a
Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a

... motors that can both bind to and cross-link actin filaments into higher-order structures, as well as translate chemical energy into force production inside the cell by coupling ATP hydrolysis to movement along an actin filament (Geeves and Holmes, 2005; Rayment and Holden, 1994). Vertebrates have th ...
Epithelia and integration in sponges
Epithelia and integration in sponges

... implies being constructed of fewer parts with less hierarchical organization. In fact, sponges are usually described as lacking organs, tissues, nerves, muscle, and even epithelia. However, not only is this view not very useful for understanding what characteristics the animals have, there is also m ...
Cell Membrane and Osmosis
Cell Membrane and Osmosis

... How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents of the cell separate from the watery environment?  FATS  ...
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Tubular Structure of Vacuolar
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Tubular Structure of Vacuolar

... Tobacco BY-2 cells were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, harboring a 35S-GFP-AtVam3p construct, essentially as described by An (1985), and the transformed cell lines were designated BY-GV (BY-2 cells stably expressing GFP-AtVam3p) (Kutsuna and Hasezawa 2002). From several BY-GV cell lines ...
Cell wall arabinan is essential for guard cell function
Cell wall arabinan is essential for guard cell function

... of two monoclonal antibodies, LM5 and LM6. These antibodies were raised against short-chain linear oligomers of (1–4)-␤-Dgalactan (17) and (1–5)-␣-L-arabinan (18), respectively, and have been shown to bind specifically to linear stretches of three or more linked residues but do not recognize single ...
Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor
Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor

... endosome/lysosome) or EEA1 (early endosome) (see Fig. S1 in supplementary material). Because our attempts to identify the ARFRP1-positive endosome-like structures by immunoelectron microscopy were unsuccessful, we did not address this issue further. We then examined the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) ...
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple

... developmental events, it has limited specificity. Genetic cellablation methods use toxins or apoptosis-inducing genes that are expressed under the control of cell-type-specific promoters (Sweeney et al., 2012a). For example, reconstituted caspase expressed under mec-18 promoter has been shown to abl ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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