Phenomenon of infection – pre-penetration, penetration and post
... biotrophic relationships. Necrotrophs do not produce specialised penetration structures. Instead, they kill host cells by secreting toxins, then degrade the cell wall and middle lamella, allowing their hyphae to penetrate the plant cell walls and the cells themselves. In hemibiotrophic infections, i ...
... biotrophic relationships. Necrotrophs do not produce specialised penetration structures. Instead, they kill host cells by secreting toxins, then degrade the cell wall and middle lamella, allowing their hyphae to penetrate the plant cell walls and the cells themselves. In hemibiotrophic infections, i ...
Programmed cell death during plant growth and development
... (reviewed by Schwartz et al, 1997). During late stages of ...
... (reviewed by Schwartz et al, 1997). During late stages of ...
Exit from dormancy in microbial organisms
... conditions in several ways, some of which involve clear morphological differentiation (for example, spore formation) and others of which are not so morphologically distinct. However, all these responses result in a notable reduction in metabolism, to the point of absolute dormancy in some cases. For ...
... conditions in several ways, some of which involve clear morphological differentiation (for example, spore formation) and others of which are not so morphologically distinct. However, all these responses result in a notable reduction in metabolism, to the point of absolute dormancy in some cases. For ...
Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin
... extended more towards the side walls. (D) Mature phragmoplast stains for actin preferentially at its periphery (arrowheads) while its central part, where presumably the cell plate has already formed, is actin-depleted. (E) Cell in prophase with a central actin-depleted zone (asterisk) and with accum ...
... extended more towards the side walls. (D) Mature phragmoplast stains for actin preferentially at its periphery (arrowheads) while its central part, where presumably the cell plate has already formed, is actin-depleted. (E) Cell in prophase with a central actin-depleted zone (asterisk) and with accum ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions in the Early Embryo of the Leech
... standard spiralian nomenclature, the four quadrants of the embryo are designated A–D, with D being defined as the quadrant that produces the bilaterally symmetric mesendoderm and post-trochal ectoderm. In “unequal cleavers”, determinate cell fates are evident from the start, because the second embry ...
... standard spiralian nomenclature, the four quadrants of the embryo are designated A–D, with D being defined as the quadrant that produces the bilaterally symmetric mesendoderm and post-trochal ectoderm. In “unequal cleavers”, determinate cell fates are evident from the start, because the second embry ...
Chapter 5 Bacteria / Diatoms / Dinoflagellates
... give them a golden color and serves to harvest light energy from the sun ...
... give them a golden color and serves to harvest light energy from the sun ...
The Role of Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in
... Type Culture Collection. Goat Texas Red-conjugated antirat antibody was temperature with different concentrations of peroxidase-labeled T antigenpurchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). The monoclonal antibody to specific PNA lectin without (control) or with addition of 2 mM (final concenirrele ...
... Type Culture Collection. Goat Texas Red-conjugated antirat antibody was temperature with different concentrations of peroxidase-labeled T antigenpurchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). The monoclonal antibody to specific PNA lectin without (control) or with addition of 2 mM (final concenirrele ...
bundle sheath defective, a mutation that disrupts cellular
... granal chloroplasts that are randomly arranged (Brown, 1975). Each of the two cell types accumulates a distinct complement of C4 photosynthetic enzymes. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) function in the BS cells whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC ...
... granal chloroplasts that are randomly arranged (Brown, 1975). Each of the two cell types accumulates a distinct complement of C4 photosynthetic enzymes. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) function in the BS cells whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC ...
Bacterial Cell Morphogenesis Does Not Require a Preexisting
... shape. It has long been debated whether the formation of new wall material or the transmission of shape from parent to daughter cells requires existing wall material as a template [1–3]. However, rigorous testing of this hypothesis has been problematical because the cell wall is normally an essentia ...
... shape. It has long been debated whether the formation of new wall material or the transmission of shape from parent to daughter cells requires existing wall material as a template [1–3]. However, rigorous testing of this hypothesis has been problematical because the cell wall is normally an essentia ...
Intro to Evolution
... • Where would the first organic molecules come from? • Alexander Oparin hypothesized that life could come from Chemical Evolution • Miller and Urey passed electricity through a simulation of the early atmosphere and made organic compounds. ...
... • Where would the first organic molecules come from? • Alexander Oparin hypothesized that life could come from Chemical Evolution • Miller and Urey passed electricity through a simulation of the early atmosphere and made organic compounds. ...
Intro to Evolution
... • Where would the first organic molecules come from? • Alexander Oparin hypothesized that life could come from Chemical Evolution • Miller and Urey passed electricity through a simulation of the early atmosphere and made organic compounds. ...
... • Where would the first organic molecules come from? • Alexander Oparin hypothesized that life could come from Chemical Evolution • Miller and Urey passed electricity through a simulation of the early atmosphere and made organic compounds. ...
Translocation and Clustering of Endosomes and
... microtubules were important for the movement of these organelles (13, 21, 41); an active role for microfilaments and intermediate filaments was also proposed (20, 41, 52). The aim of this study was to further analyze the role of cytoskeletal structures in the translocation and positioning of endosom ...
... microtubules were important for the movement of these organelles (13, 21, 41); an active role for microfilaments and intermediate filaments was also proposed (20, 41, 52). The aim of this study was to further analyze the role of cytoskeletal structures in the translocation and positioning of endosom ...
The Lithium-Ion Cell: Model, State Of Charge
... order to ensure the es+ma+on convergence in less than 5 s. The SOC of the cells that are not polled by the EKF are tracked by simple coulomb coun+ng integrator models: ...
... order to ensure the es+ma+on convergence in less than 5 s. The SOC of the cells that are not polled by the EKF are tracked by simple coulomb coun+ng integrator models: ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation
... were also able to induce B cell differentiation (data not shown). Supernatants of cocultures with influenza virus were harvested at day 15 for determination of total immunoglobulins and virus-specific antibodies. In the absence of pDCs, B cells cocultured with influenza virus, T cells, and IL-2 prod ...
... were also able to induce B cell differentiation (data not shown). Supernatants of cocultures with influenza virus were harvested at day 15 for determination of total immunoglobulins and virus-specific antibodies. In the absence of pDCs, B cells cocultured with influenza virus, T cells, and IL-2 prod ...
How does stuff get in and out of cells?
... – Studied pollen under microscope – Observed random movements of grains – Called it “Brownian motion” ...
... – Studied pollen under microscope – Observed random movements of grains – Called it “Brownian motion” ...
NMPdb: Database of Nuclear Matrix Proteins
... be separated along with the INM through more careful preparation protocols (15,16). These proteins are usually referred to as ‘associated with the nuclear matrix’. The protein composition of nuclear matrices in different organisms and cell types was discovered mainly by 2D gel electrophoresis, a met ...
... be separated along with the INM through more careful preparation protocols (15,16). These proteins are usually referred to as ‘associated with the nuclear matrix’. The protein composition of nuclear matrices in different organisms and cell types was discovered mainly by 2D gel electrophoresis, a met ...
вторични източници на редки метали на балканите
... The solar-cell current voltage and associated parameters show that all hybrid nanocomposite improve the efficiency compared to the uncoated (TiO2) devices. QDSSCs device has the highest efficiency owing to a combination of relatively high open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc) as ...
... The solar-cell current voltage and associated parameters show that all hybrid nanocomposite improve the efficiency compared to the uncoated (TiO2) devices. QDSSCs device has the highest efficiency owing to a combination of relatively high open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc) as ...
Introduction to Virology I Viruses Defined
... main kinds of cell cultures (Fig. 5). Primary cell cultures are prepared from animal tissues and have a limited life span. Some viral vaccines are now prepared in diploid cell strains, a homogeneous population of a single type of cell that can divide up to 100 times before dying. Continuous cell lin ...
... main kinds of cell cultures (Fig. 5). Primary cell cultures are prepared from animal tissues and have a limited life span. Some viral vaccines are now prepared in diploid cell strains, a homogeneous population of a single type of cell that can divide up to 100 times before dying. Continuous cell lin ...
Scalable Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production
... spectrum of diseases (Aucoin et al., 2008). AAV is a dependovirus whose full life cycle is complemented by a helper virus, most often adenovirus or herpes simplex virus (Muzyczka and Berns, 2001). In addition, AAV wild-type infections lack pathological effects, conferring an added measure of safety ...
... spectrum of diseases (Aucoin et al., 2008). AAV is a dependovirus whose full life cycle is complemented by a helper virus, most often adenovirus or herpes simplex virus (Muzyczka and Berns, 2001). In addition, AAV wild-type infections lack pathological effects, conferring an added measure of safety ...
Leukaemia Section T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... overlapping region Xq12q13), 4q (41%, minimal overlapping region 4q25q26), Xp (29%, minimal overlapping region Xp21p11), and 18q (24%, minimal overlapping region 18q21), as well as loss of 17p (24%) (Franke et al., 2002). ...
... overlapping region Xq12q13), 4q (41%, minimal overlapping region 4q25q26), Xp (29%, minimal overlapping region Xp21p11), and 18q (24%, minimal overlapping region 18q21), as well as loss of 17p (24%) (Franke et al., 2002). ...
Cell-Cell Interactions
... Each of these receptors has a binding site for DNA. In its inactive state, the receptor typically cannot bind DNA because an inhibitor protein occupies the binding site. When the signal molecule binds to another site on the receptor, the inhibitor is released and the DNA binding site is exposed (fig ...
... Each of these receptors has a binding site for DNA. In its inactive state, the receptor typically cannot bind DNA because an inhibitor protein occupies the binding site. When the signal molecule binds to another site on the receptor, the inhibitor is released and the DNA binding site is exposed (fig ...
Case study
... Squamous cell carcinoma Most high-grade thyroid tumors with squamous foci blend with areas of undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma and are generally placed in the latter category because of their similar natural history. Indeed, many of them are seen to develop from papillary carcinoma in a fash ...
... Squamous cell carcinoma Most high-grade thyroid tumors with squamous foci blend with areas of undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma and are generally placed in the latter category because of their similar natural history. Indeed, many of them are seen to develop from papillary carcinoma in a fash ...