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The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculeaof the
The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculeaof the

... with the bacteria, yeast and protozoa living in their posterior gut (Breznak and Brune 1994, Inoue et al. 2000, König et al. 2002), which Brune (1998) described as the “smallest bioreactor in the world”. Most of the protozoa species of termites phagocytose wood particles on their flagella-free cell ...
Changes in the expression of the carbohydrate
Changes in the expression of the carbohydrate

... of the embryonic axis. In amniotes, the third of the layers to arise, the mesoderm, first condenses as a structure known as the primitive streak, which marks the future embryonic axis; its appearance represents the earliest visible indication of bilateral symmetry in the embryo. Formation of the pri ...
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non

... may be useful for future clinical use as the treatment of certain infectious diseases, cancer and certain metabolic disorders [16]-[18]. Similarly, the phenomenon is highly effective at low dosage which makes it an excellent candidate for future clinical use [19]. Consequently, RNAi as a drug class ...
Fibronectin and a5b1 integrin mediate binding of Pseudomonas
Fibronectin and a5b1 integrin mediate binding of Pseudomonas

... ABSTRACT: Initial infection of the airway by Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occur through a variety of bacterial strategies including binding to epithelial receptors present at the surface of the respiratory epithelium. In order to characterize the adherence sites for P. aeruginosa in damaged and repair ...
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Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You
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as a PDF

... health properties. The production of organic (mainly lactic and acetic) acids and the resulting acidification is essential for the production, development of typical flavour and preservation of these products. The transformation of lactose by lactic cultures improves the digestibility and various me ...
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The GARP complex is required for cellular sphingolipid homeostasis
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... membrane leads to a toxic build-up of long-chain bases, possibly due to a higher rate of degradation of complex sphingolipids in the vacuole and increased biosynthesis. We therefore reasoned that myriocin treatment reduces this toxicity by lowering the levels of long-chain bases. To evaluate this po ...
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MERNER-PFEIFFER LIBRARY

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... consisted of a high peak of the smallest cells such as erythrocytes and cell debris (forward scatter (FSC) 5 22, side scatter (SSC) 5 21) and a low peak of lymphoid-like cells (FSC 5 73, SSC 5 41). The histogram of Neuro-2a1FasL cells showed a major peak of tumor cells (FSC 5 105, SSC 5 85), a minor ...
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... pathogen-derived macromolecules that appear to bind plant receptors to induce ROS (Chandra et al., 1996; Scofield et al., 1996; Tang et al., 1996). Two phases of ROS induction by fungal or bacterial elicitors have been measured in plant cell suspension cultures. Very rapid responses (within minutes) ...
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Acetylcholine Receptor

... electric organ. It is composed of many modified muscle cells, which are flattened and stacked on top of one another. The small voltage differences across each cell membrane, controlled by the dense packing of many acetylcholine receptors, add up over the large stack, together producing a large elect ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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