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Lecture-13
Lecture-13

...  Recursion is very powerful way to solve certain problems for which the solution would otherwise be very complicated.  There are many problems and specific areas where you can see the repetitive behaviour (pattern) or you can find a thing, which can be modelled in such a way that it repeats itself ...
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... Protein Folding Problem incorporates a local search phase. In this work, we modified the local search mechanism from our previous ACO algorithm by using a new type of long range move, selective local search, and improving ants that perform probabilistic iterative improvement on the best conformation ...
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... the cart is the track. Letting a pole fall more than 36° from vertical or running off the track constitutes failure. To prove itself to be a valid solution, an ANN must pass 10 trials, each lasting 100,000 simulation steps. ...
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... Theorem (2-2). If a and b are integers, not both zero, then gcd(a, b) exists and is unique. Note that this result is trivial if either a or b is zero. Also note that changing the sign of a or b or swapping a for b does not change the gcd. Without loss of generality, we may thus assume that 0 < b ≤ a ...
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... • We can see that n!=n*(n-1)!. If we go further, n!=n*(n1)*(n-2)!. This can continue until 0 is encountered, which gives 1. • Hence this can be achieved by having a function which calls itself until 0 is encountered. This is recursive function for factorial. ...
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... solutions depending on the information of their fitness values. Population based algorithm is classified into two groups: evolutionary algorithms [3] and swarm intelligence-based algorithms [4]. Evolutionary algorithm is one of the most popular genetic algorithm (GA) based on the natural evolution. ...
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... and kernel-ridge regression [9]. All of these techniques have in common that a lossfunction is minimized to result in a classifier that is optimal according to some definition [10]. This optimization step is not, however, the defining element of kernel methods. Clustering techniques that are well-es ...
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Algorithm characterizations

Algorithm characterizations are attempts to formalize the word algorithm. Algorithm does not have a generally accepted formal definition. Researchers are actively working on this problem. This article will present some of the ""characterizations"" of the notion of ""algorithm"" in more detail.This article is a supplement to the article Algorithm.
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