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Protector Devices - Crompton Instruments
Protector Devices - Crompton Instruments

Flexible Networks - SP Energy Networks
Flexible Networks - SP Energy Networks

... headroom would defer further network investment for up to 10 years based on current load growth. The integration of Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVRs) is part of the headroom achieved by flexible network control. AVRs can be seen as an enabling technology for flexible network control, they can be u ...
D12V0H1U2WS Features Mechanical Data
D12V0H1U2WS Features Mechanical Data

... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
m903 reference headphone amplifier / DAC
m903 reference headphone amplifier / DAC

... your experience with the m903 more productive and enjoyable. In the event that you encounter any technical or operational difficulties with this or any Grace Design product, please feel free to contact us at 303-443-7454. Our office hours are from 9 to 5, Monday through Friday, MST. Or you can email ...
sadler_appnote
sadler_appnote

... UPS systems can be categorized as either on-line or off-line (standby). An on-line UPS is constantly engaged, converting all incoming power to DC current that passes though the battery circuit and is then converted back to AC again. Equipment connected to the on-line UPS is electrically isolated fro ...
LTC5100 - 3.3V, 3.2Gbps VCSEL Driver.
LTC5100 - 3.3V, 3.2Gbps VCSEL Driver.

Fluke 5101B Calibration Procedure Board A17
Fluke 5101B Calibration Procedure Board A17

... With this procedure we adjust the bias current in the HF-Amp. As already announced, during the bias calibration some Fluke-manual-values will probably not be reached with the 1985 PCB version. In this case, I took the readings from a correct working 5100B calibrator and use them as calibration refer ...
Errata - Silicon Labs
Errata - Silicon Labs

... There is currently no resolution for this issue. 2.12 VDAC_E202 — PRS Outputs Not Generated when Interrupt Flag is Set Description of Errata The conversion done (CD) PRS outputs from the DAC are tied to the interrupt flags. As long as the interrupt flag is set, no PRS output will be generated. When ...
AN2865
AN2865

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Test Bench - Multi-Tek International/TMS Engineering

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ABWR 8.3 Onsite Power Systems 8.3.1 AC Power Systems

MAX3080E–MAX3089E ±15kV ESD-Protected, Fail-Safe, High-Speed (10Mbps), Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers General Description
MAX3080E–MAX3089E ±15kV ESD-Protected, Fail-Safe, High-Speed (10Mbps), Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers General Description

... The MAX3080E–MAX3089E are ±15kV electrostatic discharge (ESD)-protected, high-speed transceivers for RS485/RS-422 communication that contain one driver and one receiver. These devices feature fail-safe circuitry, which guarantees a logic-high receiver output when the receiver inputs are open or shor ...
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Power Management Selection Guide 2015 01_00

active inverter output filtering methods
active inverter output filtering methods

RIGOL User’s Guide DG4000 Series Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator
RIGOL User’s Guide DG4000 Series Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator

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System reference 25/06/2006,01:00 8.44 Mb

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Smart grid implementation in power system Subtitle
Smart grid implementation in power system Subtitle

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... 8. Additional measurements such as unbalance current ratio, thermal capacity used, etc. If required by the application, the unit shall include voltage, frequency and energy measurements or may be combined with an external Metering device to allow power management features: 1. Real time readings: Amp ...
Digital and Analog I/O
Digital and Analog I/O

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AD9601 10-Bit, 200 MSPS/250 MSPS 1.8 V Analog-to
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a AN-402 APPLICATION NOTE •
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... OCA breaks away from a straight line sooner as it approaches the clamp voltage. Of course the extent to which the response more closely tracks a straight line is indicative of the amplifier’s linearity in that region. ...
16-Bit, 500 kSPS PulSAR ADC in MSOP/QFN AD7686
16-Bit, 500 kSPS PulSAR ADC in MSOP/QFN AD7686

... Chain mode is selected if SDI is low during the CNV rising edge. In this mode, SDI is used as a data input to daisy-chain the conversion results of two or more ADCs onto a single SDO line. The digital data level on SDI is output on SDO with a delay of 16 SCK cycles. CS mode is selected if SDI is hig ...
DAC8554 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
DAC8554 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... capable of operating with input data clock frequencies up to 50MHz for IOVDD = 5V. The DAC8554 requires an external reference voltage to set the output range of each DAC channel. Also incorporated into the device is a power-on reset circuit which ensures that the DAC outputs power up at zero-scale a ...
Characterization of an n-type 4 kV Silicon GTO for pulsed power
Characterization of an n-type 4 kV Silicon GTO for pulsed power

Manual PT C. 1000/2000/3000 (EN) - AEG PS
Manual PT C. 1000/2000/3000 (EN) - AEG PS

... The UPS is connected to a shockproof socket between the public utility's mains and the loads to be protected. The power section of the rectifier converts the mains voltage to DC voltage for supplying the inverter. The circuit technology used (PFC) enables sinusoidal current consumption and therefore ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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