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Pierquet, B.J. and D.J. Perreault, “A Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter Topology with a Series-Connected Power Buffer,” 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition , pp. 2811-2818, Sept. 2010.
Pierquet, B.J. and D.J. Perreault, “A Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter Topology with a Series-Connected Power Buffer,” 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition , pp. 2811-2818, Sept. 2010.

... constraints. Implementing phase-shift power modulation for the buffer and cycloconverter, in combination with the known terminal voltages, results in known voltage magnitudes for VB and VC . By choosing to define θA as the phase reference, it can be removed as an unknown. The remaining number of unk ...
Technical datasheet on 400W high voltage power supply units
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ISSCC 2008/SESSION 6/UWB POTPOURI/6.2

... to 62.4MHz for data throughput of 120kHz to 31.2MHz. This work presents an UWB RF transceiver which supports 12 channels, variable date rate, and ranging capability as specified in IEEE802.15.4a. Figure 6.2.1 shows the RF transceiver architecture. On the TX side, the digital clock (TX_clk) triggers ...
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... Main output only of multiple output units. Fully protected against output overload and short circuit. Automatic recovery upon removal of overload condition. ...
Tektronix 1103 - cloudfront.net
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... proliferation of ICs, complex circuitry used in FM has all but disappeared. ICs are inexpensive and easy to use. FM and PM have become the most widely used modulation method in electronic communication today. ...
Liebert NXc UPS; 30 - 40kVA; 380/400/415V Detailed Specification
Liebert NXc UPS; 30 - 40kVA; 380/400/415V Detailed Specification

... Synchronisation window Hz Slew rate (max. change Hz/s Setting range: 0.1 ~ o.6 (UPS module), 0.6 (parallel system) rate of synchronisation frequency) Note: 1.. Fact y set to 380V. 400V or 415V selectable by service engineer. 2.. Fact y set to 50Hz. 60Hz selectable by service engineer. Note that the ...
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... converter output is compared to a user-defined control reference through the use of operational amplifiers. The resulting error signal is then sent back to the gate drive, which compares the error signal to the internal reference, in order to adjust the duty ratio, and thus adjust the converter outp ...
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The Effect of Power Factor On An Electrical System

... Linear Load - These are loads such as induction motors and transformers and can be corrected with the addition of a passive network of capacitors or inductors. Capacitors store electrical power that can be used to excite the internal magnetic fields and reduce the required apparent power kVA. (see d ...
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... Initial the machine is under-excited, so armature reaction is helping to support the flux linkages in the stator winding. With no real power, all the flux is in the q-axis (and the induced voltage leads by 90º – Kundar notation). Most of the flux in the “stator” field is links the rotor field. The s ...
A5973D Datasheet - STMicroelectronics
A5973D Datasheet - STMicroelectronics

... Figure 5 shows the block diagram of the oscillator circuit. The clock generator provides the switching frequency of the device, which is internally fixed at 250 kHz. The frequency shifter block acts to reduce the switching frequency in case of strong overcurrent or short-circuit. The clock signal is ...
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A High-Performance Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System for LED
A High-Performance Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System for LED

... 2) there are two P channel MOSFETs driven with electronics and controlled by the microcontroller. Next day, after a new charge period, the battery could be connected again to the power LED lighting array. The advantages of the proposed improvements are (a) better exploitation of the power produced b ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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