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- SIGLENT Technologies
- SIGLENT Technologies

... AM) modulation by pressing Mod and select the DSB-AM type. 5. Configure CH2 on the secondary coil generator to output the same modulated sine signal as channel 1, only set the phase offset to 90 degrees. This will provide the orthogonal output phase for the secondary cosine channel. The secondary co ...
An experimental BiCMOS video 10 bit ADC - Solid
An experimental BiCMOS video 10 bit ADC - Solid

... necessary. A voltage transformation with a better than 1-mV precision is required because there is no amplification of the error voltage. The coarse-ladder resistors consist of 80-pm-wide MoSi, resistors in order to have less than 0.1-percent ratio. The analog switches and buffer amplifiers must not ...
UF4004
UF4004

... This datasheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Fairchild semiconductor. The datasheet is printed for reference information only. ...
Three-Phase Brushless Motor Driver
Three-Phase Brushless Motor Driver

... This IC includes an AGC circuit that minimizes the influence on the output of changes in the Hall signal input amplitudes due to the motor used. However, note that if there are discrepancies in the input amplitudes between the individual phases, discrepancies in the output phase switching timing may ...
electronic communications systems i
electronic communications systems i

... 2. To understand frequency response measurements using the EWB Bode plotter. 3. To measure the frequency response and phase of an active filter and compare the simulation results with the experimental results. VIRTUAL TEST EQUIPMENT: Dual-trace oscilloscope AC voltage source Bode plotter Power suppl ...
and wavelets
and wavelets

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Data Acquisition and Telemetry System (DAQ-T
Data Acquisition and Telemetry System (DAQ-T

... It is then processed by an embedded microcontroller and wirelessly transmitted to a base-station in real-time where it can be further processed in software and viewed by engineers. These data can serve as testing data for the engineering team and as a performance indicator. This information can also ...
PS TFB Hardware: J. Belleman, A. Blas, T. Bohl, F. Caspers
PS TFB Hardware: J. Belleman, A. Blas, T. Bohl, F. Caspers

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FSQ500L Compact, Green Mode, Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) Features

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MP2161 - Monolithic Power System

... simpler control loop and faster transient response. By using input voltage feed forward, MP2161 maintains a nearly constant switching frequency across input and output voltage range. The ontime of the switching pulse can be estimated as: TON = ...
CS5101AN/D Secondary Side Post Regulator (SSPR) for
CS5101AN/D Secondary Side Post Regulator (SSPR) for

... output power supplies with each output individually controlled without any feedback to the primary side. The SSPR switch is connected in series with the secondary side rectifier and output inductor. In a forward converter topology using current mode control, the primary controller maintains a consta ...
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... Equation 4 indicates that the frequency f 0 is independent of the supply voltage Vcc. Often the term duty cycle is used in conjunction with the astable multivibrator. The duty cycle is the ratio of the time tc during which the output is high to the total time period T. It is generally expressed as ...
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voltage stability margin enhancement by optimal control of
voltage stability margin enhancement by optimal control of

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Electronic Engineering Final year project By Claire Mc Kenna
Electronic Engineering Final year project By Claire Mc Kenna

Q44089196
Q44089196

... input current waveform distortion and make it in phase with the voltage one. Most of the research on PFC for nonlinear loads is actually related to the reduction of the harmonic content of the line current. There are several methodologies to achieve PFC but depending on whether active switches (cont ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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