• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Enhanced laser shutter - Optical Physics Group
Enhanced laser shutter - Optical Physics Group

... voice-coil motors from computer hard disk drives can be used as high-extinction high-speed shutters for laser beams and x-ray sources.1 Our first implementation demonstrated a shutter speed in excess of 10 mm/ms, switching a focused laser beam in 6 ␮s. While voice-coil actuators are readily availabl ...
Time Electronics
Time Electronics

... Automatic stepping of the output is also available, both up and down with programmable dwell times. Continuous up/down ramping can also be performed, with user programmable ramp rates and dwell time (top and bottom). In source mode the range can be user programmed to any value between 0mA and 50mA, ...
MH3621022106
MH3621022106

... concerning system stability during short–circuit faults in comparison to IG, because of their capability of decoupling the control of output active and reactive power. ...
Tech Tutorial: Linear regulators vs
Tech Tutorial: Linear regulators vs

... Figure 14 shows a device capable of switching between modes of operation as a linear regulator and as a switching regulator. The block is divided into two independently operated sections: the first section (green) supports the system for use as a buck switching regulator. The second section (yellow) ...
Low Power Applications Processors and Power
Low Power Applications Processors and Power

... efficiency by allowing the absence of switching cycles at light output loading. This “pulse skipping” feature improves efficiency by reducing dynamic switching losses simply by switching less often. PFM, the lowest power mode, provides a “free running” power level that requires less clock precision ...
SSAC T2D Series Lockout With Random Start HVAC/R Timers
SSAC T2D Series Lockout With Random Start HVAC/R Timers

... operation, a lockout delay prevents restarting the compressor or motor until the delay is completed. 24 V AC models can be used with thermostats that include a cooling anticipator resistor. Can be connected in series with the load for delay on make operation. ...
Technical inspection of remote power supply systems
Technical inspection of remote power supply systems

... which corresponds to 10% error. Another source of inaccuracy at the sectionalizing point is the configuration of relay protection circuits working on a.c.; such circuits contain a great number of non-linear elements. The power losses are to be subdivided on three main types, namely: series losses (l ...
DHZO-AEG/AEZ, DKZOR-AEG/AEZ, DPZO-AEG/AEZ
DHZO-AEG/AEZ, DKZOR-AEG/AEZ, DPZO-AEG/AEZ

... E-RI-AEG drivers allow to realize a variable dither frequency that linearly depends on the demanded current: variable dither frequency allows an higher degree to optimize the valve hysteresis. ...
Datasheet Atto D4
Datasheet Atto D4

DAC
DAC

uninterruptible power supply
uninterruptible power supply

... terminal strip, otherwise in case of applying different voltages in each one there will be a short-circuit. The equipment has a «Shutdown» input, which allows shutdown the inverter when it is applied a voltage between (5V÷12V). This input is available in the DB9 connector only and it doesn’t interfe ...
Problem Set #5: Due Date -
Problem Set #5: Due Date -

... We can achieve even another 2x reduction in current consumption using a voltage mode output driver. The voltage-mode driver also uses bipolar signaling (pushing and pulling current). However, the other benefit is that the transistors are operating in the triode region, and hence, can effectively act ...
YES - Avnet
YES - Avnet

... ferrite beads even for longer speaker cables as long as 1 meter but without losing audio fidelity. This will help to save $0.12 of BOM. Device achieved 60uV idle channel noise. • For battery powered systems like BT speakers, portable audio systems with a minimum supply of 4.5V combined with low idle ...
850nm Multi-mode
850nm Multi-mode

... 4) LOS (Loss of Signal) is an open collector/drain output, which should be pulled up with a 4.7K – 10KΩ resistor. Pull up voltage between 2.0V and VccT, R+0.3V. When high, this output indicates the received optical power is below the worst-case receiver sensitivity (as defined by the standard in use ...
DRTS 64 - isa test
DRTS 64 - isa test

... SH 2003 is a scanning head that eases the test of energy meters. lt is an universal scanning head because it can be used both with LED impulse electronic meters and Ferraris rotating disk meters. With rotating disk the sensor uses a green light beam that optimizes the recognition of any type of mark ...
Auto-Zero Amplifiers
Auto-Zero Amplifiers

... A wide variety of electronic applications, especially those involving very small input signals, require signal paths with very low offset voltage and offset voltage drift over time and temperature. When standard linear components are used, the only way to achieve this low offset and drift is to use ...
Ultra Low Noise Spread Spectrum Oscilliators
Ultra Low Noise Spread Spectrum Oscilliators

Dual Step-Down Converter with Supervisory RESET Function
Dual Step-Down Converter with Supervisory RESET Function

... contained herein is provided without representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to, the suitability of IDT’s products for any particular purpose, an implied warranty of merchantability, or non-infringement of the intellectual property rights of oth ...
DUAL LOW-NOISE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
DUAL LOW-NOISE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

... Storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C NOTES: 1. All vol ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... VDMOS has highly accomplished features of large input impedance, high switching speed and well heat stability. Its wide range of features have been applied to motor drive, switch power supply, automotive electronics and energy saving lamp and so on. The development of power MOSFETS began in 1970s VM ...
PDF
PDF

FSL306LR Green Mode Fairchild Buck Switch  FSL306LR — Green Mode Fair
FSL306LR Green Mode Fairchild Buck Switch FSL306LR — Green Mode Fair

... The protective functions include Overload Protection (OLP), Over-Voltage Protection (OVP), Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO), Feedback Open Loop Protection (FB_OLP), Abnormal Over-Current Protection (AOCP), and Thermal Shutdown (TSD). All of the protections operate in Auto-Restart Mode. Since these prote ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

... The circuit diagram for the complete grid-tied system is shown in fig. 1.The purpose of the design is to demonstrate that a bidirectional system can be achieved using minimal components this design project was focused on building a scaled down battery energy storage system. The design was required t ...
Low Noise Amplifier 1.7 - 2.0 GHz MAAM12032 SO-8
Low Noise Amplifier 1.7 - 2.0 GHz MAAM12032 SO-8

... M/A-COM’s MAAM12032 is a high performance GaAs MMIC low noise amplifier in a low cost SOIC 8-lead surface mount plastic package. The MAAM12032 employs a fully monolithic design which eliminates the need for external tuning networks. It can be biased using 3- or 5-volt supplies and has an option for ...


... availability of resources and there have been many methods of recycling of energy resources .This paper discusses about the concept of recycling of energy by the piezoelectric crystals. End of the circuit is connected to a battery. The battery is charged completely so that energy can be recycled i.e ...
< 1 ... 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report