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TND412 - The Changing ESD Landscape, ESD Protection
TND412 - The Changing ESD Landscape, ESD Protection

... In addition, the clamping voltage seen during a level 4 IEC 61000−4−2 strike with a peak current of 30 A is much different than seen during a 1 A pulse. However, because this is often the only data available when looking at datasheets, it provides a good starting point for comparing different ESD pr ...
Agilent 33220A 20 MHz Function / Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Agilent 33220A 20 MHz Function / Arbitrary Waveform Generator

... Quick Start Chapter 1 prepares the function generator for use and helps you get familiar with a few of its front-panel features. Front-Panel Menu Operation Chapter 2 introduces you to the frontpanel menu and describes some of the function generator’s menu features. Features and Functions Chapter 3 g ...
MAX11152 18-Bit, 500ksps, +5V Unipolar Input, SAR ADC, in Tiny 10-Pin µMAX
MAX11152 18-Bit, 500ksps, +5V Unipolar Input, SAR ADC, in Tiny 10-Pin µMAX

... Serial Data Input and Mode Select Input. Daisy-chain mode is selected if SDI is low during the CNVST rising edge. In this mode, SDI is used as a data input to daisy-chain the conversion results of two or more ADCs onto a single SDO line. CS mode is selected if SDI is high during the CNVST rising edg ...
Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents
Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents

... All information included in this document is current as of the date this document is issued. Such information, however, is subject to change without any prior notice. Before purchasing or using any Renesas Electronics products listed herein, please confirm the latest product information with a Renes ...
Remotely Accessible Target System
Remotely Accessible Target System

... ABSTRACT The Remotely Accessible Target System (RATS) is a prototype that shows that a vision system, along with many other systems, can be merged to create a viable solution to nearly every problem encountered by a long distance target shooter. It is known in the shooting community that collecting ...
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... Q. CSX soft starters control only two phases, leaving one phase connected to the supply. Does this mean an additional line contactor must be employed in a circuit breaker/CSX motor branch circuit ? A. No. Use of a two phase soft starter does not require an additional line contactor as compared with ...
User’s Manual 543-0033-00, 943-0033-00 1 ™
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... Small resistors (under 100 ohms or so) and also all inductors will seem like short circuits to a multimeter because they are very much like wires. Likewise, continuity doesn't mean "short" it just means very very low resistance. For example, if you have a circuit that draws an Amp from a 5V supply, ...
part 2 products - GE Grid Solutions
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... Retransfer to Inverter: The automatic bypass switch shall be capable of automatically retransferring the load back to the inverter after the inverter has returned to normal conditions. Retransfer shall not occur if the two sources are not synchronized. The automatic bypass control circuit shall have ...
Stationary Power Distribution Unit (SPDU) 3-phase, 75
Stationary Power Distribution Unit (SPDU) 3-phase, 75

... frequency, and output power; as well as minimum and maximum acceptable values. • Premium (p/n PDPMN100) likewise uses a microprocessor-based power monitor capable of sensing, processing, and displaying an extensive array of operational data. This level additionally allows both local and remote acces ...
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... comply with the European directive RoHS (Restriction Of Hazardous Substances) that prohibits the use of materials such as lead, chromium 6... ...
ZBTSD SERIES Guideform Spec.
ZBTSD SERIES Guideform Spec.

... automatically open and close upon installation and removal of the Automatic Transfer Switch portion of the system. The system shall behave in such a manner that will prevent incidental contact with all live bus systems via a moving shutter. During Automatic operation, the shutter system shall remain ...
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... The TJA1055 is the interface between the CAN protocol controller and the physical wires of the CAN bus (see Figure 9 and Figure 10). It is primarily intended for low-speed applications, up to 125 kBd, in passenger cars. The device provides differential transmit capability to the CAN bus and differen ...
Laboratory Exercise 4 The Solenoid (two weeks – 200 pts)
Laboratory Exercise 4 The Solenoid (two weeks – 200 pts)

... Both types, linear and rotational are available as either a holding (continuously energized) or as a latching type (ON-OFF pulse) with the latching types being used in either energized or power-off applications. Linear solenoids can also be designed for proportional motion control were the plunger p ...
ATS - MS Word Document
ATS - MS Word Document

... The following features shall be built-in to the controller, but capable of being activated through keypad programming or the communications interface port only when required by the user: G. Provide the ability to select “commit/no commit to transfer” to determine whether the load should be transferr ...
Power Generation Controls
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... The system will synchronize and parallel the generators with the utility, and then ramp the engine-generators to the proper load level as defined by the mode of operation. f. After an adjustable period of time the system shall allow generators to optimize down to only the required number to be onlin ...
ASCO 4000 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for Automatic Closed
ASCO 4000 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for Automatic Closed

... electrical operator shall be a momentarily energized, single-solenoid mechanism. Main operators utilizing overcurrent disconnect devices, linear motors or gears shall not be acceptable. The switch shall be mechanically interlocked to ensure only two possible positions, normal or emergency. B. All tr ...
MAX3222/MAX3232/MAX3237/MAX3241* 3.0V to 5.5V, Low-Power, up to 1Mbps, True RS-232 ________________General Description
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... requires a flying capacitor (C1, C2) and a reservoir capacitor (C3, C4) to generate the V+ and V- supplies. ...
Sensoren und Aktoren - VLab
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CHAPTER 3 Special-Purpose Diodes
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... (Temperature Coefficient & Zener Power Dissipation and Derating)  As with most devices, zener diodes have given characteristics such as temperature coefficients and power ratings that have to be considered. The data sheet provides this information (refer Figure 3-7). ...
- Opus
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... the view that hard-switching power-stages, using the latest power devices, are best operated with virtually no snubbers [l], ie. with little current or voltage transient control other than 'active' snubbing or clamping through switch-drive control, or by device avalanche, or by tailoring device-resp ...
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download

energy recovery flip-flops and resonant clocking of sccer flip
energy recovery flip-flops and resonant clocking of sccer flip

... Abstract: This paper indicates the four novel low power flip-flops collectively called novel energy recovery flipflops to reduce the power dissipation in a clock network. The energy recovery clocked flip-flops enable energy recovery from the clock network, resulting in significant energy saving. The ...
Coto Technology - MEMS-Based Magnetic Reed Switch Technology
Coto Technology - MEMS-Based Magnetic Reed Switch Technology

... this is a BIG if ) the blades don’t become saturated with so much magnetic flux that they can’t carry any more. When that happens, no more force is applied to the contacts, no matter how strong a magnetic field is applied. And as we will show, the contact force in a reed switch depends strongly on t ...
comparison of matrix converter and common converter for induction
comparison of matrix converter and common converter for induction

... be built as a full-silicon structure. However, a mains filter is necessary to smooth the pulsed currents on the input side of the matrix converter. Using a sufficiently high pulse frequency, the output voltage and input current both are shaped sinusoidal. The matrix converter is an alternative to an ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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