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Print this article

... Abstract— D.C. motors are seldom used in ordinary applications because all electric supply companies furnish alternating current. However, for special applications such as in steel mills, mines and electric trains, it is advantageous to convert low value of DC into high value of DC in order to use D ...
Laser Technology in the Medical and Cosmetic Industry
Laser Technology in the Medical and Cosmetic Industry

... What is obvious is that these voltages are far too high for an Excelsys supply to provide. An alternative option is to use RF excitation of the Gas Laser. This only requires tens of volts as opposed to the thousands of volts required by direct excitation. Reviewing laser manufacturer’s requirements ...
Slides - Indico
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... This causes the loop to act as a low pass filter with a bandwidth such that it can only correct for changes at a frequency below the loop bandwidth. The open loop gain is the amount an error on the input affects the output. A high gain will lead to faster corrections but can become unstable to noise ...
Fuzzy logic controlled Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
Fuzzy logic controlled Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

... Wind energy conversion system (WECS) to grid disturbance’s compared to the fixed speed WECS in [13]. As the wind penetration in the grid becomes significant, the use of variable speed WECS for supplementary jobs such as power smoothening and harmonic mitigation are compulsory in addition to its powe ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,

HF LINEAR AMPLIFIER HL-1000A
HF LINEAR AMPLIFIER HL-1000A

... operation from a 120 vac single phase, 60 Hz power source. The green wire in the power cord is the ground wire and must be connected to the neutral primary of the plug that you select for connection into the power line. The black and white wires must be connected to the other two pins for the 120 va ...
Oscilloscope and function generator
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... two signal inputs. The inputs are provided as BNC-terminals and are called channel 1 (often denoted as CH1 or X or Y1), and channel 2 (CH2 or Y or Y2). In addition a BNC-input terminal for an external trigger signal (EXT INPUT or EXT TRIG 2) is available. In the DC 3 mode of the channel’s input swit ...
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AMS2905 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... Note 2: Line and Load regulation are guaranteed up to the maximum power dissipation of 1.2W for SOT-223 package and 0.9W for SOT-89 package. Power dissipation is determined by the input/output differential and the output current. Guaranteed maximum power dissipation will not be available over the fu ...
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Understanding USB-C Buck-Boost Battery Charging
Understanding USB-C Buck-Boost Battery Charging

... The first USB-C buck-boost battery charging solution on the market is the Intersil ISL9237. Figure 6 shows the topology of the ISL9237 buck-boost charger. The device consists of four switching FETs and an inductor, as well as a battery connecting FET (BFET). The four switching FETs are grouped into ...
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... points with driving voltage greater than 11.5 are a best estimate of the stable portion of the range. This uncertainty also occurs very close to each of the earlier bifurcation points, but is much smaller in scale. As the driving voltage increases the system moves ever more quickly to chaos. Past ab ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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