• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

... reverse-biased condition of the substrate-well junction. We therefore conclude that the first and second power supplies must apply voltages to the well and substrate, respectively, so as to enable the reversebiasing of the substrate-well junction. NeoMagic argues, however, that the district court er ...
FrM05.4
FrM05.4

... 3 was chosen. Here R , L , and C are the total circuit resistance, total capacitance, and total inductance of the system. The ultracapacitor voltage input Vin acts as the ‘control input’ to the capacitor system. In implementation, this voltage input is created by a basic bidirectional buck converter ...
Transmitters-3
Transmitters-3

... • Any form of Amplitude Modulation will require that amplifiers need filtering to avoid harmonics or bandwidth spread ...
RS-485 for Digital Motor Control Applications
RS-485 for Digital Motor Control Applications

... Limit switches, interlocks, homing sensors, etc. ...
GFX-One Guitar Processor
GFX-One Guitar Processor

... Capstone Fall 2005 ...
MC9S08AW60 Controller Board
MC9S08AW60 Controller Board

... Hexadecimal values ...
a Fast, High-Voltage Drive, 6-Channel Output DecDriver Decimating LCD Panel Driver
a Fast, High-Voltage Drive, 6-Channel Output DecDriver Decimating LCD Panel Driver

... input that drives 6-channel high voltage drive outputs. The 10bit input word is sequentially muxed into six separate high speed, bipolar DACs. Flexible digital input formats allow several AD8380s to be used in parallel for higher resolution displays. STSQ/CS, in conjunction with 3-bit addressable ch ...
MC500 POWER AMPLIFIER
MC500 POWER AMPLIFIER

... protection circuits and that such circuits compromise performance. Mclntosh feels that protection circuits are desirable and necessary to prevent amplifier or loudspeaker damage due to abnormal circumstances. The genius of Mclntosh engineering has resulted in protection circuits which do not effect ...
Project Name: SpyBot - University of Florida
Project Name: SpyBot - University of Florida

chakra
chakra

LM138/LM338 5-Amp Adjustable Regulators
LM138/LM338 5-Amp Adjustable Regulators

SC1894A-00 IC Datasheet
SC1894A-00 IC Datasheet

5W, Qi Wireless Power Receiver with Integrated Rectifier and LDO
5W, Qi Wireless Power Receiver with Integrated Rectifier and LDO

MAX1577ZEVKIT.pdf
MAX1577ZEVKIT.pdf

TRANSIENTS AND RC TIME CONSTANTS The capacitor has a
TRANSIENTS AND RC TIME CONSTANTS The capacitor has a

... repetitive. It can be displayed conveniently only on an oscilloscope with memory. For the oscilloscopes in the EEL 3303L laboratory, it is necessary to apply a repetitive “step” voltage to the input of the RC circuit to display the transient response of the circuit. A good approximation of the trans ...
UJT
UJT

ILX485
ILX485

... Skew time is simply the difference between the low-to-high and high-to-low propagation delay. Small driver/receiver skew times help maintain a symmetrical mark-space ratio (50% duty cycle). The receiver skew time, |tPRLH - tPRHL|, is under 10ns. The driver skew times are 5ns for the ILX485. ...
Indirect Current Control Algorithm for Utility Interactive Inverters in
Indirect Current Control Algorithm for Utility Interactive Inverters in

... While, some DG systems have private emergency load for which the DG system should continuously supply stable electric power even when the main grid is out of power. This situation is called intentional islanding operation. When intentional islanding operation occurs, the DG system should be disconne ...
PowerEase® 90W Power Supply_RevB.0
PowerEase® 90W Power Supply_RevB.0

... For your safety: Position the unit properly such that the On-Off switch and the AC inlet located on the rear of the unit are easily accessible. ...
Modelling of Unified Power Flow Controller into Power
Modelling of Unified Power Flow Controller into Power

... where the time constant T is equal to about 0.5ms or less in dependence of inverter characteristics, (Rse , Lse ), (Rsh, Lsh) represent respectively the equivalent impedance of the series and shunt transformer and (Rline, Lline ) the line equivalent impedance. C. Inverter control technique There are ...
FYSP105/K1 (FYSP110/K1) HOW TO USE AN OSCILLOSCOPE 1
FYSP105/K1 (FYSP110/K1) HOW TO USE AN OSCILLOSCOPE 1

... marked with arrow up down signs. In double-channel oscilloscopes both channels have their own up-down switches. Digital oscilloscopes usually have only one switch, which can handle both channels. In DC-mode the signal must be connected to the upper deflector and the lower one to the core of the coax ...
Low Power DC/DC Boost Converter in SOT-23
Low Power DC/DC Boost Converter in SOT-23

... The TPS6104x operates with an input voltage range of 1.8 V to 6 V and can generate output voltages up to 28 V. The device operates in a pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) scheme with constant peak current control. This control scheme maintains high efficiency over the entire load current range, and wi ...
Current Mode Interconnect - Department of Electrical Engineering
Current Mode Interconnect - Department of Electrical Engineering

AN SB-220 COMPENDIUM
AN SB-220 COMPENDIUM

... Both kits from Harbach and AG6K have been installed in other SB-220 amplifiers. They are somewhat different from each other but both are supplied with excellent instructions and both have worked reliably. 1.5 HV FILTER CAPACITOR KIT The SB-220 amplifiers were sold between 1970 and 1978. The follow-o ...
Understanding Buck Power Stages Mode Power
Understanding Buck Power Stages Mode Power

... current being zero for a portion of the switching cycle. It starts at zero, reaches a peak value, and returns to zero during each switching cycle. The two different modes are discussed in greater detail later and design guidelines for the inductor value to maintain a chosen mode of operation as a fu ...
< 1 ... 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report