Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion in an APD Receiver
... load resistance changes corresponding to a change in the received optical power, the bias voltage of the APD gets modulated leading to a non-linear response of the overall APD receiver. However, when receiving weak optical signals, this non-linearity will be acceptably small [23]. In this paper, a s ...
... load resistance changes corresponding to a change in the received optical power, the bias voltage of the APD gets modulated leading to a non-linear response of the overall APD receiver. However, when receiving weak optical signals, this non-linearity will be acceptably small [23]. In this paper, a s ...
Performance limits of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters
... input voltage. The converter has 5 capacitors and 13 switches. The switches are controlled by a twephase, non-overlapping clock as shown in Fig. 1. The phase when a switch is on is indicated as phase 1 or phase 2. In a practical implementation, some of the switches may be replaced by diodes. When th ...
... input voltage. The converter has 5 capacitors and 13 switches. The switches are controlled by a twephase, non-overlapping clock as shown in Fig. 1. The phase when a switch is on is indicated as phase 1 or phase 2. In a practical implementation, some of the switches may be replaced by diodes. When th ...
Single Phase Transformer© Nafees Ahmed By
... a. Equivalent resistance as referred to primary b. Equivalent resistance as referred to secondary c. Equivalent reactance as referred to primary d. Equivalent reactance as referred to secondary e. Equivalent impedance referred to both side f. Total copper loss first using individual resistance of tw ...
... a. Equivalent resistance as referred to primary b. Equivalent resistance as referred to secondary c. Equivalent reactance as referred to primary d. Equivalent reactance as referred to secondary e. Equivalent impedance referred to both side f. Total copper loss first using individual resistance of tw ...
Measuring Output - Transformer Performance
... The current passing the primary inductance Lp generates a magnetic field in the core, resulting in a voltage at the secondary side of the OPT. It is now easy to understand that distortion might occur. Because Lp is not constant, the current becomes distorted. However, will the secondary voltage show ...
... The current passing the primary inductance Lp generates a magnetic field in the core, resulting in a voltage at the secondary side of the OPT. It is now easy to understand that distortion might occur. Because Lp is not constant, the current becomes distorted. However, will the secondary voltage show ...
AN1115 Single Stage Primary Side Regulation PFC Controller For
... application, the KLINE, the maximum value of VS/VPK, always sets as 1. It is recommended to set the maximum voltage of VS and VPK as 3V at the maximum input voltage Vin_rms_max. The VS pin resistor divider proportion should be set as ...
... application, the KLINE, the maximum value of VS/VPK, always sets as 1. It is recommended to set the maximum voltage of VS and VPK as 3V at the maximum input voltage Vin_rms_max. The VS pin resistor divider proportion should be set as ...
CONSONANCE
... the voltage at MPPT pin is greater than 1.23V. At the beginning of the charge cycle, if the battery voltage is less than 66.5% of regulation voltage (VREG), the charger goes into trickle charge mode. The trickle charge current is internally set to 17.5%(Typical) of the full-scale current. When the b ...
... the voltage at MPPT pin is greater than 1.23V. At the beginning of the charge cycle, if the battery voltage is less than 66.5% of regulation voltage (VREG), the charger goes into trickle charge mode. The trickle charge current is internally set to 17.5%(Typical) of the full-scale current. When the b ...
pdf
... been recently described in detail. These circuits include the microphone front end [4], the bandpass filters [5], the envelope detector [6], and the logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) [7]. Although some parts of the processor have been reported on, this paper describes in detail how these ...
... been recently described in detail. These circuits include the microphone front end [4], the bandpass filters [5], the envelope detector [6], and the logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) [7]. Although some parts of the processor have been reported on, this paper describes in detail how these ...
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 1
... This is the author's version of an article that has been published in this journal. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication. The final version of record is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2384003 ...
... This is the author's version of an article that has been published in this journal. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication. The final version of record is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2384003 ...
RF3021 SPDT, HIGH ISOLATION, SINGLE BIT CONTROL, REFLECTIVE SWITCH Features
... Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Abs ...
... Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Abs ...
BD9060F-C
... Frequency range of external synchronization is FOSC x 1.05 ≤Fsync≤500kHz and 1.5 times of the set frequency. (Refer to P.11) ・OSC (Oscillator) This circuit generates the pulse wave to be inputted to the SLOPE, and by connecting a resistor to the “RT”, 50kHz to 500kHz oscillating frequency can be con ...
... Frequency range of external synchronization is FOSC x 1.05 ≤Fsync≤500kHz and 1.5 times of the set frequency. (Refer to P.11) ・OSC (Oscillator) This circuit generates the pulse wave to be inputted to the SLOPE, and by connecting a resistor to the “RT”, 50kHz to 500kHz oscillating frequency can be con ...
6100B/6105A Electrical Power Standards Extended Specifications
... Compliance voltage at the end of connecting leads will be reduced by the IR drop in the cables. The current output will remain stable with the inductive loads shown but may not be able to drive that inductance at all current/frequency/harmonic combinations due to voltage burden limitations. The indu ...
... Compliance voltage at the end of connecting leads will be reduced by the IR drop in the cables. The current output will remain stable with the inductive loads shown but may not be able to drive that inductance at all current/frequency/harmonic combinations due to voltage burden limitations. The indu ...
PE83512 - Peregrine Semiconductor
... found to be optimal for this board layout; other applications may require a different value. The device output (pin 7) is connected to connector J3 through a 50 Ω transmission line. A series capacitor (C1) provides the necessary DC block for the device output. Note that this capacitor must be chosen ...
... found to be optimal for this board layout; other applications may require a different value. The device output (pin 7) is connected to connector J3 through a 50 Ω transmission line. A series capacitor (C1) provides the necessary DC block for the device output. Note that this capacitor must be chosen ...
PC Based Wireless Control Of Toy Car
... First, a microcontroller P89V51RD2 is taken, the key feature of which is its X2 mode operation (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Timer 1 is used in mode 2(8 bit auto-reload). It is used to set the baud rate to 1200. After TH1 is set, it starts ...
... First, a microcontroller P89V51RD2 is taken, the key feature of which is its X2 mode operation (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Timer 1 is used in mode 2(8 bit auto-reload). It is used to set the baud rate to 1200. After TH1 is set, it starts ...
Line to Ground Voltage Monitoring on Ungrounded
... Where N is the transformer ratio and La is the saturated or air core inductance of the voltage transformer primary windings in millihenrys. La can be easily calculated from the geometry of the windings. Equation (2) may derive a lower value for “Rmax” compared to equation (1). The laymen, having to ...
... Where N is the transformer ratio and La is the saturated or air core inductance of the voltage transformer primary windings in millihenrys. La can be easily calculated from the geometry of the windings. Equation (2) may derive a lower value for “Rmax” compared to equation (1). The laymen, having to ...
AND9129 - Understanding a Digital Transisotr Datasheet
... voltage of 0.4−0.6 V when it wants the Digital Transistor to be OFF. This eliminates the Digital Transistors that have a maximum Vi(off) spec of 0.5 V because these should be supplied with a voltage of less than 0.5 V when the device is desired to be OFF. The design requirements also state that the ...
... voltage of 0.4−0.6 V when it wants the Digital Transistor to be OFF. This eliminates the Digital Transistors that have a maximum Vi(off) spec of 0.5 V because these should be supplied with a voltage of less than 0.5 V when the device is desired to be OFF. The design requirements also state that the ...
LTC1064-1 - Low Noise, 8th Order, Clock Sweepable Elliptic
... ripple is typically ±0.15dB, and the stopband attenuation at 1.5 times the cutoff frequency is 68dB or more. An external TTL or CMOS clock programs the value of the filter’s cutoff frequency. The clock to cutoff frequency ratio is 100:1. No external components are needed for cutoff frequencies up to ...
... ripple is typically ±0.15dB, and the stopband attenuation at 1.5 times the cutoff frequency is 68dB or more. An external TTL or CMOS clock programs the value of the filter’s cutoff frequency. The clock to cutoff frequency ratio is 100:1. No external components are needed for cutoff frequencies up to ...
Real-time adjustable gate current control IC solves dv/dt
... The fact of the new adjustability of dvCE/dt has a high importance for the lifetime of motor windings and motor bearings. Investigations already showed that the cost for filters or other countermeasures to limit the dv/dt are expensive ([10]) relative to the cost of the drive. A control of the dvCE/ ...
... The fact of the new adjustability of dvCE/dt has a high importance for the lifetime of motor windings and motor bearings. Investigations already showed that the cost for filters or other countermeasures to limit the dv/dt are expensive ([10]) relative to the cost of the drive. A control of the dvCE/ ...
College of Southern Nevada
... voltage often is expressed in terms of dBs, initial and final transmitter power when there is an upgrade can be expressed as a power gain in dBs, and other examples can be found in the fields of acoustics and optics. ...
... voltage often is expressed in terms of dBs, initial and final transmitter power when there is an upgrade can be expressed as a power gain in dBs, and other examples can be found in the fields of acoustics and optics. ...
Analysis of an Adaptive Observer for Sensorless Control of Interior
... with λ = 2R̂s and ωλ = 1 p.u. With the exception of very low speeds, the poles are located in the left half of the complex plane and the linearized system is stable. In the case of the zero gain in Fig. 4(a), one of the upper-half-plane poles shown remains near the imaginary axis but moves far away ...
... with λ = 2R̂s and ωλ = 1 p.u. With the exception of very low speeds, the poles are located in the left half of the complex plane and the linearized system is stable. In the case of the zero gain in Fig. 4(a), one of the upper-half-plane poles shown remains near the imaginary axis but moves far away ...
WT210/WT230 Digital Power Meters
... The built-in 5 mA range lets you measure currents as low as 25 µA. This makes it possible to measure very low currents on such things as intermittent control equipment. The wide current range (5 mA to 20 A) means a single power meter can be used for applications such as Energy Star® measuremnts, to ...
... The built-in 5 mA range lets you measure currents as low as 25 µA. This makes it possible to measure very low currents on such things as intermittent control equipment. The wide current range (5 mA to 20 A) means a single power meter can be used for applications such as Energy Star® measuremnts, to ...
PowerLight Series PowerLight 6.0 II
... extraordinary audio performance, reduced weight, and road-proven reliability. To get the most from your investment, we encourage you to review this manual carefully. Part of the advanced technology PowerLight family of amplifiers, the PowerLight 6.0 II benefits from QSC’s exclusive PowerWave switchi ...
... extraordinary audio performance, reduced weight, and road-proven reliability. To get the most from your investment, we encourage you to review this manual carefully. Part of the advanced technology PowerLight family of amplifiers, the PowerLight 6.0 II benefits from QSC’s exclusive PowerWave switchi ...
Real-time adjustable gate current control IC solves dv/dt
... The fact of the new adjustability of dvCE/dt has a high importance for the lifetime of motor windings and motor bearings. Investigations already showed that the cost for filters or other countermeasures to limit the dv/dt are expensive ([10]) relative to the cost of the drive. A control of the dvCE/ ...
... The fact of the new adjustability of dvCE/dt has a high importance for the lifetime of motor windings and motor bearings. Investigations already showed that the cost for filters or other countermeasures to limit the dv/dt are expensive ([10]) relative to the cost of the drive. A control of the dvCE/ ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.