• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Encoder Basics
Encoder Basics

HD61203U
HD61203U

Introduction to Electronics for High Energy Physics
Introduction to Electronics for High Energy Physics

Difference Amplifiers - TI E2E Community
Difference Amplifiers - TI E2E Community

... 1k price on www.ti.com: $1.20 Includes amplifier! ...
datasheet - GES Electronics
datasheet - GES Electronics

PD62GB10_11_Digital multimeters and power analyzers DMG series
PD62GB10_11_Digital multimeters and power analyzers DMG series

arduino101_present_20130122
arduino101_present_20130122

... Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can be communicate with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash, Proces ...
Fuse Sizing Guide - OMEGA Engineering
Fuse Sizing Guide - OMEGA Engineering

... N.E.C. 110-9 requires that the interrupting rating of fuses and breakers not be less than the maximum available short circuit current at their point-of-application as indicated by Figure 2. Circuits where fuses and breakers are installed may be capable of thousands of amperes of short circuit curren ...
MAX9320/MAX9320A 1:2 Differential LVPECL/LVECL/HSTL Clock and Data Drivers General Description
MAX9320/MAX9320A 1:2 Differential LVPECL/LVECL/HSTL Clock and Data Drivers General Description

... The MAX9320/MAX9320A are low-skew, 1-to-2 differential drivers designed for clock and data distribution. The input is reproduced at two differential outputs. The differential input can be adapted to accept single-ended inputs by applying an external reference voltage. The MAX9320/MAX9320A feature ul ...
user`s manual - Fuji Electric Europe
user`s manual - Fuji Electric Europe

... • Do not support the inverter by its terminal block cover during transportation. Doing so could cause a drop of the inverter and injuries. • Prevent lint, paper fibers, sawdust, dust, metallic chips, or other foreign materials from getting into the inverter or from accumulating on the heat sink. Ot ...
EPOS4 50/15 Hardware Reference
EPOS4 50/15 Hardware Reference

TDA8025HN
TDA8025HN

MAX6846–MAX6849 Low-Power, Adjustable Battery Monitors with Hysteresis and Integrated µP Reset General Description
MAX6846–MAX6849 Low-Power, Adjustable Battery Monitors with Hysteresis and Integrated µP Reset General Description

... Figure 2. Single Low-Battery Output Timing ...
ADM1026JST
ADM1026JST

... analog measurement channels. Fifteen analog voltage inputs are provided, five of which are dedicated to monitoring +3.3 V, +5.0 V, and 12 V power supplies, and the processor core voltage. The ADM1026 can monitor two other power supply voltages by measuring its own VCC and the main system supply. On ...
1 Introduction to 3 phase induction motors
1 Introduction to 3 phase induction motors

... the secondary of a two winding transformer receiving its power from primary. That is why an induction motor can be called as a rotating transformer i.e., in which primary winding is stationary but the secondary is free to rotate. ...
Accurate Fault Location in Transmission Networks Using Modeling
Accurate Fault Location in Transmission Networks Using Modeling

... denoted as “sparse data”. Under this situation, many proposed algorithms for estimating fault location based on DFR measurements may fail to produce accurate results. This project is aimed at developing accurate fault location algorithms for situations where only sparse field data is available. The ...
MAX4040–MAX4044 Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, SOT23, Micropower Rail-to-Rail I/O Op Amps ________________General Description
MAX4040–MAX4044 Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, SOT23, Micropower Rail-to-Rail I/O Op Amps ________________General Description

... These amplifiers have outputs that typically swing to within 10mV of the rails with a 100kΩ load. Rail-to-rail input and output characteristics allow the full powersupply voltage to be used for signal range. The combination of low input offset voltage, low input bias current, and high open-loop gain ...
A Designer`s Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers
A Designer`s Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers

... A High Speed In-Amp Circuit for Data Acquisition . ............................................................................... 7-8 APPENDIX A—INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER SPECIFICATIONS ......................................... A-1 (A) Specifications (Conditions) .............................. ...
Chapter 3 Special-Purpose Diodes
Chapter 3 Special-Purpose Diodes

... BJTs (bipolar junction transistors) were covered in previous chapters. Now we will discuss the second major type of transistor, the FET (field-effect transistor). Recall that a BJT is a current-controlled device; that is, the base current controls the amount of collector current. A FET is different. ...
C21 Dimming System
C21 Dimming System

... incoming AC wave form. Regulation shall maintain the desired output voltage +/.5V volt for the entire operation range (90 - 264 VAC). The regulation shall compensate for variations of the AC waveform on a dimmer-by-dimmer basis. There shall be no interaction between dimmers in the system or any othe ...
Microprocessor-Based pH Controller and pH/ORP Controller
Microprocessor-Based pH Controller and pH/ORP Controller

... In the run mode, press the RESET button to reset the latched setpoints. The meter shows “SP.RS” and returns to the run mode. In the configuration mode, press the RESET button once to review the previous menu. Press the RESET button twice to perform a hard reset and return to the run mode. In the set ...
A Designer`s Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers, 3rd Edition
A Designer`s Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers, 3rd Edition

... A High Speed In-Amp Circuit for Data Acquisition . ............................................................................... 7-8 APPENDIX A—INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER SPECIFICATIONS ......................................... A-1 (A) Specifications (Conditions) .............................. ...
LTM4601A/LTM4601A-1 - 12A DC/DC uModules with PLL, Output Tracking and Margining
LTM4601A/LTM4601A-1 - 12A DC/DC uModules with PLL, Output Tracking and Margining

Atmel AVR1300: Using the Atmel AVR XMEGA ADC
Atmel AVR1300: Using the Atmel AVR XMEGA ADC

SEL-734 Quick
SEL-734 Quick

... If using the Auto Timeset option as an MV-90 Master File setting: – Disable the Enable Daylight Savings option in the SEL-734. – Do not connect an external time source. This keeps the meter clock synchronized with the PC clock and MV-90. ...
< 1 ... 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report