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E522.32 Demoboard 2 x Boost-to-Battery AN 0158 Headlight LED
E522.32 Demoboard 2 x Boost-to-Battery AN 0158 Headlight LED

LTC3405A-1.5/LTC3405A-1.8 - 1.5V, 1.8V, 1.5MHz, 300mA
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... current of the inductor is set to approximately 100mA regardless of the output load. Each burst event can last from a few cycles at light loads to almost continuously cycling with short sleep intervals at moderate loads. In between these burst events, the power MOSFETs and any unneeded circuitry are ...
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... The SPI-compatible serial interface is controlled by the CS and SCLK signals. The input signal is sampled with the CS falling edge and SCLK is used for conversion and serial data output. The device supports a wide digital supply range (1.65 V to 3.6 V), enabling direct interfacing to a variety of ho ...
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... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
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LT6010 - 135µA, 14nV/rtHz, Rail-to-Rail Output Precision Op Amp with Shutdown

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Novel Three-Phase CM/DM Conducted Emission

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... processor's supplies are not sequenced properly, the processor can latch up, initiate incorrectly, or endure long-term reliability degradation. Sometimes, the various supply voltages are not locally generated (e.g., they come from a main system bus, an externally purchased silver box, or supplies th ...
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... sources. The circuit shown can be analyzed using the same approach as for the fundamental components shown in previous sections. When the arm impedances are symmetrical, the upper and lower arm currents for each phase are identical, e.g. iap2 = ian2 for phase a. This leads to ia2 = 0 which means the ...
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... High frequency current pulses Bearing currents come in several different guises. However, while modern motor design and manufacturing practices have nearly eliminated the low frequency bearing currents induced by the asymmetry of the motor, the rapid switching in modern AC drive systems may generate ...
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... • There are several possibilities: – An internal open connection at Z1-1, which would prevent Q from responding to the input. – An internal component failure in NAND gate Z1 that prevents it from responding properly. – Q output is stuck LOW, which could be caused by: ...
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... signaling (LVDS) repeaters are ideal for applications that require high-speed data or clock distribution while minimizing power, space, and noise. The devices accept a single LVDS input (MAX9153) or single LVPECL input (MAX9154) and repeat the signal at 10 LVDS outputs. Each differential output driv ...
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Aalborg Universitet Secondary Voltage Control for Harmonics Suppression in Islanded Microgrids
Aalborg Universitet Secondary Voltage Control for Harmonics Suppression in Islanded Microgrids

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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