lecture3 - WordPress.com
... • A transformer is a static machine which change voltage: step up or down. • There is no electromechanical energy conversion. • The transfer of energy takes place through the magnetic field and all currents and voltages are AC • Transformer can be categorized as: The ideal transformers Practical t ...
... • A transformer is a static machine which change voltage: step up or down. • There is no electromechanical energy conversion. • The transfer of energy takes place through the magnetic field and all currents and voltages are AC • Transformer can be categorized as: The ideal transformers Practical t ...
EN 1703943
... of the comparator is change by varying the width of the transistor and keeping the transistor length constant as it is more sensitive and has a significant effect on threshold voltage. Another technique is by using CMOS LTE ( CMOS Linear Tunable Transconductance Element ) as a comparator which impro ...
... of the comparator is change by varying the width of the transistor and keeping the transistor length constant as it is more sensitive and has a significant effect on threshold voltage. Another technique is by using CMOS LTE ( CMOS Linear Tunable Transconductance Element ) as a comparator which impro ...
Oscilloscope - Tektronix TDS2000 Series Guide
... Turns off automated measurement for the source channel Frequency of the waveform Period (time) of the waveform’s first complete cycle Arithmetic mean amplitude over the entire record Absolute difference between the maximum and minimum peaks of the entire waveform True RMS (root mean square) of the w ...
... Turns off automated measurement for the source channel Frequency of the waveform Period (time) of the waveform’s first complete cycle Arithmetic mean amplitude over the entire record Absolute difference between the maximum and minimum peaks of the entire waveform True RMS (root mean square) of the w ...
TPD1E6B06 Single-Channel ESD Protection Diode in 0201
... (typical) of capacitance which allows this device to support data rates up to 800 Mbps. Additionally, this low capacitance can even be necessary for an audio signal (for example, if a Class D amplifier is used). The TPD1E6B06 also has a small dynamic resistance of 0.55Ω (typical). This makes the cla ...
... (typical) of capacitance which allows this device to support data rates up to 800 Mbps. Additionally, this low capacitance can even be necessary for an audio signal (for example, if a Class D amplifier is used). The TPD1E6B06 also has a small dynamic resistance of 0.55Ω (typical). This makes the cla ...
Chapter 13
... Since capacitors do not pass dc, they are used for dc blocking and ac coupling. For power line decoupling, capacitors are connected between the dc supply and ground, to suppress unwanted voltage spikes that occur on the dc supply voltage due to fast switching. Capacitors are used to bypass an ac vol ...
... Since capacitors do not pass dc, they are used for dc blocking and ac coupling. For power line decoupling, capacitors are connected between the dc supply and ground, to suppress unwanted voltage spikes that occur on the dc supply voltage due to fast switching. Capacitors are used to bypass an ac vol ...
PQ1 Power Quality Relay Full Data Sheet 1.20
... The wire cross section must be adequate for 100mA, and insulation must be adequate for the rated voltage. The PQ1 may be connected line-to-neutral or line-to-line. Do not connect any load, including the PQ1, from line-to-ground. If your PQ1 will be monitoring 277 Vrms, 400 Vrms, 480 Vrms, or higher, ...
... The wire cross section must be adequate for 100mA, and insulation must be adequate for the rated voltage. The PQ1 may be connected line-to-neutral or line-to-line. Do not connect any load, including the PQ1, from line-to-ground. If your PQ1 will be monitoring 277 Vrms, 400 Vrms, 480 Vrms, or higher, ...
A HBAR-oscillator-based 4.596~ GHz frequency source: Application
... where Sϕ (2fm ) is the power spectral density (PSD) of the LO phase fluctuations in the free-running regime at Fourier frequency f = 2fm and τ the averaging time. According to this relation, assuming a LO modulation frequency fm of 1 kHz and targeting σyLO < 2 × 10−11 at 1 s integration time, we cal ...
... where Sϕ (2fm ) is the power spectral density (PSD) of the LO phase fluctuations in the free-running regime at Fourier frequency f = 2fm and τ the averaging time. According to this relation, assuming a LO modulation frequency fm of 1 kHz and targeting σyLO < 2 × 10−11 at 1 s integration time, we cal ...
RF GaAs Solutions - NXP Semiconductors
... (E-pHEMT), HFET and InGaP HBT device technologies. The E-pHEMT and HFET devices offer higher OIP3 relative to HBT devices biased at the same current. This enables system designers to achieve excellent linearity with lower power consumption. The E-pHEMT devices offer superior noise figure in conjunct ...
... (E-pHEMT), HFET and InGaP HBT device technologies. The E-pHEMT and HFET devices offer higher OIP3 relative to HBT devices biased at the same current. This enables system designers to achieve excellent linearity with lower power consumption. The E-pHEMT devices offer superior noise figure in conjunct ...
Encoder Outputs Shouldn`t Fail - Nidec
... maximum speed; many models are de-rated above 1800 RPM. This shows up as a de-rating of the encoder temperature range, but it means that output current is limited at higher speeds due to heat. Here’s Where the Red Light Comes On Once the controller can no longer accurately count or measure the encod ...
... maximum speed; many models are de-rated above 1800 RPM. This shows up as a de-rating of the encoder temperature range, but it means that output current is limited at higher speeds due to heat. Here’s Where the Red Light Comes On Once the controller can no longer accurately count or measure the encod ...
In-System Programming (ISP)
... software issues are addressed in IEEE 1532 to create a simplified ISP environment. Any IEEE 1532 compliant programmer can be used to program low power flash devices. Device serialization is not supported when using the IEEE1532 standard. Refer to the standard for detailed information about IEEE ...
... software issues are addressed in IEEE 1532 to create a simplified ISP environment. Any IEEE 1532 compliant programmer can be used to program low power flash devices. Device serialization is not supported when using the IEEE1532 standard. Refer to the standard for detailed information about IEEE ...
PAM8403H Description Pin Assignments
... terminal. For filtering lowerfrequency noise signals, a large capacitor of 20μF (ceramic) or greater is recommended, placing it near the audio power amplifier. ...
... terminal. For filtering lowerfrequency noise signals, a large capacitor of 20μF (ceramic) or greater is recommended, placing it near the audio power amplifier. ...
SiC Power Devices and Modules Application Note
... SiC MOSFETs have much lower switching loss than IGBTs, which enables higher switching frequency, smaller passives, smaller and less expensive cooling system. Compared to 600V-900V silicon MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs have smaller chip area (mountable on a compact package) and an ultralow recovery loss of bo ...
... SiC MOSFETs have much lower switching loss than IGBTs, which enables higher switching frequency, smaller passives, smaller and less expensive cooling system. Compared to 600V-900V silicon MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs have smaller chip area (mountable on a compact package) and an ultralow recovery loss of bo ...
RHRG75120 75 A, 1200 V, Hyperfast Diode Features
... The RHRG75120 is a hyperfast diode with soft recovery characteristics. It has the half recovery time of ultrafast diodes and is silicon nitride passivated ionimplanted epitaxial planar construction. These devices are intended to be used as freewheeling/ clamping diodes and diodes in a variety of swi ...
... The RHRG75120 is a hyperfast diode with soft recovery characteristics. It has the half recovery time of ultrafast diodes and is silicon nitride passivated ionimplanted epitaxial planar construction. These devices are intended to be used as freewheeling/ clamping diodes and diodes in a variety of swi ...
MAX541/MAX542 +5V, Serial-Input, Voltage-Output, 16-Bit DACs General Description Features
... between REFF and AGNDF (MAX542), or REF and AGND (MAX541), provides high-frequency bypassing. A surface-mount ceramic chip capacitor is preferred because it has the lowest inductance. An additional 10µF between REFF and AGNDF (MAX542), or REF and AGND (MAX541), provides low-frequency bypassing. A lo ...
... between REFF and AGNDF (MAX542), or REF and AGND (MAX541), provides high-frequency bypassing. A surface-mount ceramic chip capacitor is preferred because it has the lowest inductance. An additional 10µF between REFF and AGNDF (MAX542), or REF and AGND (MAX541), provides low-frequency bypassing. A lo ...
Chevy Volt Lear 3.3kW High Voltage Charger
... Similarly, if we are charging at the bottom of the range, we should be able to charge at 3300/200 = 16.5 amperes of current. But we are limited to 12.6 amperes. Both limits apply ALL the ...
... Similarly, if we are charging at the bottom of the range, we should be able to charge at 3300/200 = 16.5 amperes of current. But we are limited to 12.6 amperes. Both limits apply ALL the ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.