• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
95C-10939—11 - ML6984, ML7984 Series 4000 Direct Coupled
95C-10939—11 - ML6984, ML7984 Series 4000 Direct Coupled

... Short and rapid cycling/repositioning may result in possible switch device lock-up or reduced service life. ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering PP 33-38 www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering PP 33-38 www.iosrjournals.org

Aalborg Universitet Power Control Flexibilities for Grid-Connected Multi-Functional Photovoltaic Inverters
Aalborg Universitet Power Control Flexibilities for Grid-Connected Multi-Functional Photovoltaic Inverters

MAX6457–MAX6460 High-Voltage, Low-Current Voltage Monitors in SOT Packages General Description
MAX6457–MAX6460 High-Voltage, Low-Current Voltage Monitors in SOT Packages General Description

... range. Each device includes a precision bandgap reference, one or two low-offset voltage comparators, internal threshold hysteresis, power-good or reset timeout options, and one or two high-voltage open-drain outputs. Two external resistors (three for window detection) set the trip threshold voltage ...
LT6555 - 650MHz Gain of 2 Triple 2:1 Video Multiplexer
LT6555 - 650MHz Gain of 2 Triple 2:1 Video Multiplexer

... Note 2: This parameter is guaranteed to meet specified performance through design and characterization. It is not production tested. Note 3: As long as output current and junction temperature are kept below the Absolute Maximum Ratings, no damage to the part will occur. Depending on the supply volta ...
PM3200 Series - Power Meters
PM3200 Series - Power Meters

... Specific Hazard Associated with Power Meters In the case of almost all electric and electronic devices, the device power supply is the root cause of electrical hazards. The hazard can be eliminated by disconnecting the power supply. So, this connection must be broken before carrying out any kind of ...
PAM8010 Description Pin Assignments
PAM8010 Description Pin Assignments

... At this stage it is paramount to notice the necessity of separate grounds. Noise currents in the output power stage need to be returned to output noise ground and nowhere else. Were these currents to circulate elsewhere, they may get into the power supply, the signal ground, etc, worse yet, they may ...
LT3012 - 250mA, 4V to 80V Low Dropout
LT3012 - 250mA, 4V to 80V Low Dropout

... also well controlled in dropout. Other features of the LT3012 include the ability to operate with very small output capacitors. The regulator is stable with only 3.3μF on the output while most older devices require between 10μF and 100μF for stability. Small ceramic capacitors can be used without an ...
ba50/75/100 series
ba50/75/100 series

... range of the amplifier by a factor associated with that switch. For example closing only SW1-4 (54%) on a BA50 limits the output current to 27 Amp. Therefore, a 10 Volt input signal would produce a 27 Amp output; similarly, a 5 Volt input would produce a 13.5 Amp output (5V / 10V * 27A). It should b ...
LV_Power_MOSFET - Renesas E
LV_Power_MOSFET - Renesas E

... electromagnetic force, EMF, that can build up a high VDS voltage across the MOSFET. The full buildup of this induced voltage may exceed the rated breakdown voltage, VDSS, of the MOSFET and result in the catastrophic failure of the MOSFET. Two failure modes exist when MOSFETs are subjected to unclamp ...
EPOS2 Module 36/2 Hardware Reference
EPOS2 Module 36/2 Hardware Reference

... equipment. If the machine/apparatus should break down, if it is operated incorrectly, if the control unit breaks down or if the cables break or get disconnected, etc., the complete drive system must return – and be kept – in a safe operating mode. • Be aware that you are not entitled to perform any ...
AND9408 - Basic Principles of LLC Resonant Half Bridge
AND9408 - Basic Principles of LLC Resonant Half Bridge

... In the region between fr1 and fr2, there is a competition between capacitive characteristics of fr1 and inductive characteristics of fr2. This competition results in the top half of the region is inductive, in which gain decreases as frequency increases, the bottom half is capacitive, in which gain ...
MC74HC4316A - Quad Analog Switch/Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
MC74HC4316A - Quad Analog Switch/Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

... are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent ...
MOV General Electrical
MOV General Electrical

AND9083 - MOSFET Gate-Charge Origin and its Applications
AND9083 - MOSFET Gate-Charge Origin and its Applications

... up to the driver voltage. Switching gate charge (QSW) is the amount charge needed to complete ID and VDS transitions. ...
AAT3175 数据资料DataSheet下载
AAT3175 数据资料DataSheet下载

... each code is 1dB lower than the previous code. In this manner, LED brightness appears linear with each increasing code count. Because the inputs D1 to D4 are true independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on any single given input will be determined by the actual forward voltage (VF) ...
Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents
Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents

... especially with respect to the maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, movement power voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation and other product characteristics. Renesas Electronics shall have no liability for malfunctions or damages arising out of the use of Renesas Elect ...
MAX3230E/MAX3230AE/MAX3231E/MAX3231AE ±15kV ESD-Protected +2.5V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers in UCSP and WLP
MAX3230E/MAX3230AE/MAX3231E/MAX3231AE ±15kV ESD-Protected +2.5V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers in UCSP and WLP

... Discharge, and ±15kV using the Human Body Model. The MAX3230E/AE and MAX3231E/AE achieve a 1µA supply current with Maxim’s AutoShutdown™ feature. They save power without changing the existing BIOS or operating systems by entering low-power shutdown mode when the RS-232 cable is disconnected, or when ...
cause the controllers operating the turbine converters are not
cause the controllers operating the turbine converters are not

MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487–MAX491/MAX1487 Low
MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487–MAX491/MAX1487 Low

... thus allowing error-free data transmission up to 250kbps. The driver slew rates of the MAX481, MAX485, MAX490, MAX491, and MAX1487 are not limited, allowing them to transmit up to 2.5Mbps. These transceivers draw between 120µA and 500µA of supply current when unloaded or fully loaded with disabled d ...
MAX3095/MAX3096 ±15kV ESD-Protected, 10Mbps, 3V/5V, Quad RS-422/RS-485 Receivers ________________General Description
MAX3095/MAX3096 ±15kV ESD-Protected, 10Mbps, 3V/5V, Quad RS-422/RS-485 Receivers ________________General Description

... Figure 4a shows the Human Body Model, and Figure 4b shows the current waveform it generates when discharged into a low impedance. This model consists of a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of interest, which is then discharged into the device through a 1.5kΩ resistor. IEC 1000-4-2 Since Jan ...
Yardmaster Pup™ Magnet Controller 4292P
Yardmaster Pup™ Magnet Controller 4292P

... A mechanically rugged high thermal capacity varistor assembly permanently connected around the magnet always provides a positive, safe discharge path for the stored magnetic energy. The use of a non-linear silicon carbide material in this varistor permits the fastest possible discharge of the magnet ...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... frequency of 1.25 GHz. In order to develop Gbps Ethernet, a transceiver board was designed that can both send optical data (using VCSEL laser technology) and receive optical data (using photodiode technology). The design process involved calculating the laser bias currents necessary to drive the dev ...
LTM4628 - Dual 8A or Single 16A DC/DC uModule Regulator
LTM4628 - Dual 8A or Single 16A DC/DC uModule Regulator

AD7631 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7631 数据手册DataSheet下载

... approximation register (SAR), architecture analog-to-digital converter (ADC) fabricated on Analog Devices, Inc.’s iCMOS high voltage process. The device is configured through hardware or via a dedicated write-only serial configuration port for input range and operating mode. The AD7631 contains a hi ...
< 1 ... 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report