• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Low-Level Hardware Programming for Non-Electrical Engineers Jeff Tranter
Low-Level Hardware Programming for Non-Electrical Engineers Jeff Tranter

DS92LV0411/12 5 - 50MHz Ch Link II SER/DES with LVDS Parallel
DS92LV0411/12 5 - 50MHz Ch Link II SER/DES with LVDS Parallel

... enables longer distance transmission over lossy cables and backplanes. The Deserializer automatically locks to incoming data without an external reference clock or special sync patterns, providing easy “plug-and-go” operation. The DS92LV0411 and DS92LV0412 are programmable though an I2C interface as ...
Design of AC Filter for HVDC Transmission Project
Design of AC Filter for HVDC Transmission Project

... AC filter design is a complex subject which is related to the system impedance scanning, DC reactive power control, inverter harmonics calculation, the filter parameter tuning and setting selection. Its purpose is not only to consider the safety, technical and economic factors, to allocate reasonabl ...
16890_chapter-21-zener-diodes
16890_chapter-21-zener-diodes

... – Breakdown voltage decreases as temperature increases ...
FN33984987
FN33984987

... with our analytical method. Also we have calculated losses and rated output under harmonic current analytically and has compared with analytical method used for calculating losses due to linear load. ...
MAX7049 High-Performance, 288MHz to 945MHz ASK/FSK ISM
MAX7049 High-Performance, 288MHz to 945MHz ASK/FSK ISM

... support narrow-band applications, the IC has both amplitude-shaping and frequency-shaping functions that enable the user to optimize spectral efficiency. The IC offers Tx power up to +15dBm. These features make the transmitter ideally suited for long-range applications. Additional system-level featu ...
Constructional Features, Operating Principles, Characteristics and
Constructional Features, Operating Principles, Characteristics and

... transistor and n ApE , p AnB for p-n-p transistor). A portion of the minority carriers reaching the base recombines with majority carriers. The rest, defuse to the edge of the depletion region at JCB where they are swept away to the collector region by the large electric field. Under this condition ...
Specification Number: 26 29 23 Product Name: FRENIC5000P11S
Specification Number: 26 29 23 Product Name: FRENIC5000P11S

Vigilant Data Sheet M85001-0573 -
Vigilant Data Sheet M85001-0573 -

... to alert or waken occupants in the protected area. Research indicates that the intensity of strobe needed to awaken 90% of sleeping persons is approximately 100 cd. Edwards recommends that strobes in sleeping rooms be rated at at least 110 cd. WARNING: These devices will not operate without electric ...
Product Lines
Product Lines

... Passive Lock: Special inhibit function for two single switches in fast push-pull circuits. The input of the passive switch will be locked by the activated switch to avoid turn-on by noise. ...
EE101 Labs and ECEbot Assembly/Testing Instructions
EE101 Labs and ECEbot Assembly/Testing Instructions

... current. A battery produces direct current (DC), since the chemical reaction in the battery causes current to flow in only one direction through the circuit. The measurement unit for electrical current is called the ampere, or simply the amp, and is abbreviated with a capital-A. The electrical poten ...
2008 EBL WG Display Measurement Guidelines
2008 EBL WG Display Measurement Guidelines

Cutler-Hammer
Cutler-Hammer

... type of transfer equipment being used (Figure 1-1). In automatic transfer switch equipment, the switch’s intelligence system initiates the transfer when normal power fails or falls below a preset voltage. If the emergency power source is a standby generator, the transfer switch initiates generator s ...
Project 4 - RPI ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Project 4 - RPI ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

... The model: Figure 6 shows the different pieces of the model. An audio source is approximated using a small sine wave at 2kHz and a square wave at 500Hz. This helps demonstrate how the circuit works. You may want to run the simulation with only one source on at a time. The transmitter circuit is sepa ...
Supplementary Information for
Supplementary Information for

... buffer concentration will reduce the FET signal due to the shorter screening length. In this comparison, we exclude channel-3 FET in main Figure 4 because the long translocation times are indicative of contamination of this nanopore. Hence, the effective nanopore diameter could be much smaller than ...
REG103-25 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
REG103-25 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... regulators with low ground pin current. Its new DMOS topology provides significant improvement over previous designs, including low-dropout voltage (only 115mV typ at full load), and better transient performance. In addition, no output capacitor is required for stability, unlike conventional low-dro ...
Document
Document

AL80B manual
AL80B manual

BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Silicon Carbide Schottky: Novel Devices Require Novel Design Rules
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Silicon Carbide Schottky: Novel Devices Require Novel Design Rules

... the GaAs diodes (IFSM<2*IF) in comparison to the SiC Schottky diodes (IFSM=3.6*IF). Even under high frequency pulse conditions (20 kHz) and small duty cycles (< 0.2) a damage of the GaAs Schottky diodes may occur due to large mechanical stress caused by huge temperature differences and the very brit ...
Timers
Timers

SP319
SP319

... not exceed +10V. It is critical the external power supplies provide a power supply sequence of : +10V, +5V, and then -10V. ...
Characterisation of Large Disturbance Rotor Angle and
Characterisation of Large Disturbance Rotor Angle and

... network area is installed with open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs), since variability of wind resources require fast-start generation resources to cope up with the network demand during system operation. Nine wind farms are installed across five regions in the NE-39 system while creating wind rich and w ...
Installation Manual ACL3200 Flare Stack / Incinerator Ignition Systems
Installation Manual ACL3200 Flare Stack / Incinerator Ignition Systems

LTC3108 - Ultralow Voltage Step-Up Converter
LTC3108 - Ultralow Voltage Step-Up Converter

... The LTC3108 utilizes a MOSFET switch to form a resonant step-up oscillator using an external step-up transformer and a small coupling capacitor. This allows it to boost input voltages as low as 20mV high enough to provide multiple regulated output voltages for powering other circuits. The frequency ...
SP3494 数据资料DataSheet下载
SP3494 数据资料DataSheet下载

... The SP3494 device is a +3.3V low power half-duplex transceiver that meets the specifications of the RS-485 and RS-422 serial protocols. This device is pin-to-pin compatible with the Exar SP3481 device as well as other popular industry standards. The SP3494 features the Exar BiCMOS process, allowing ...
< 1 ... 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report