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- Texas Instruments
- Texas Instruments

TEMPUS ENERGY: VOLTAGE DIPS 1: Introduction When
TEMPUS ENERGY: VOLTAGE DIPS 1: Introduction When

... response time of for instance 0.5 periods of the grid voltage (10 ms). This implies it is also possible to deal with fast voltage dips (although the depth must be limited). An electronic voltage stabilizer has a low weight and its dimensions are small. The output voltage can be adjusted very accurat ...
TIP145 / TIP146 / TIP147 PNP Epitaxial Silicon Darlington Transistor Features
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... Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation's Anti-Counterfeiting Policy. Fairchild's Anti-Counterfeiting Policy is also stated on our external website, www.fairchildsemi.com, under Sales Support. Counterfeiting of semiconductor parts is a growing problem in the industry. All manufacturers of semiconductor ...
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... system. This voltage limiting characteristic of arresters is the primary feature of an arrester in most cases, and the reason for its existence. The voltage limiting characteristic has several names and has even changed over the years. The term Discharge Voltage is commonly used in the US market whi ...
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... frequency fm of the measurement signal generated in AD5933 using the DDS method [6] (Fig. 3) and (3) we obtain: L = M/215. As we can see, the clock frequency has no influence on spectrum leakage, only the value of M programming the measurement frequency is important. The tests of influence of spectr ...
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... Dynamic power is due to charging/discharging load capacitor CL In charging, CL is loaded with a charge CL Vdd which requires the energy of QVdd= CL Vdd2, and all the energy will be dissipated when discharging is done. Total power = CL Vdd2 If this is performed with frequency f, clearly, total power ...
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... have been successfully developed and used in various applications in power electronic converters as power quality is a serious particular issue in the developing countries [1][5]. Fuzzy logic controllers have recently been implemented as embedded controllers for robotics [6] and have been applied t ...
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... The SN65LVDS108 device solves several problems common to the distribution of timing critical clock and data signals. These problems include: • Excessive skew between the signal paths • Noise pickup over long signaling paths • High power consumption • Control of which signal paths are enabled or disa ...
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... to GND, and C2+ is connected to VIN. Phase one is then repeated with C2, now acting to provide charge to the output in place of C1, which is connected to the supply. The dual-phase operation lowers the output ripple voltage significantly compared to a standard single-phase charge pump. In addition, ...
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... Take full advantage of the capabilities of TI’s MSP430. Add a 32.768 kHz crystal to your MSP430 controller and you’ll generate an accurate reference frequency for the microcontroller’s sleep mode, as well as your other circuitry that may require a timing reference. We can help you match the right cr ...
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... The 24 Vdc battery is charged by the temperature/voltage regulated battery charger. The charger will provide an ideal charge voltage based on the ambient temperature. The battery charger will charge at a rate of 0 to 0.3 amps, depending on battery voltage, and will return the battery from low charge ...
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Aerospace Anodizing Total Quality Improvement (TQI) Activation
Aerospace Anodizing Total Quality Improvement (TQI) Activation

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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