• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
BD6964FVM
BD6964FVM

... pins that drive inductive loads (e.g. motor driver outputs, DC-DC converter outputs) may inevitably go below ground due to back EMF or electromotive force. In such cases, the user should make sure that such voltages going below ground will not cause the IC and the system to malfunction by examining ...
SWREGv1.1 Low Noise Switching Regulator  FEATURES
SWREGv1.1 Low Noise Switching Regulator FEATURES

... Stresses above those listed under the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to this device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of this device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification are not implied. Exposur ...
AS0104-400/100
AS0104-400/100

Line Follower tutorial v1.
Line Follower tutorial v1.

1500 Watt MOSORB® Transient Voltage Suppressor, 6.8 V Unidirectional
1500 Watt MOSORB® Transient Voltage Suppressor, 6.8 V Unidirectional

... current to full current) and lead inductance. This inductive effect produces an overshoot in the voltage across the equipment or component being protected as shown in Figure 9. Minimizing this overshoot is very important in the application, since the main purpose for adding a transient suppressor is ...
Modeling of Eddy-Current Loss of Electrical Machines and Transformers
Modeling of Eddy-Current Loss of Electrical Machines and Transformers

... in power systems to realize flexible ac transmission, to interface renewable energy systems with the utility grid, or to be used as power factor correction devices. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage control is widely utilized in modern power converters. The high-frequency harmonics in the output v ...
#16 McGill University Formula Hybrid Design Review
#16 McGill University Formula Hybrid Design Review

DA33612620
DA33612620

CN-0014 利用AD5383 DAC实现32通道可编程电压以及出色的温度漂移性能
CN-0014 利用AD5383 DAC实现32通道可编程电压以及出色的温度漂移性能

... supply pins. Additional decoupling using a series connected ferrite bead may be required. The AD5383 digital (DVDD) power supply can operate from a 3 V or 5 V supply, which provides for maximum flexibility when interfacing to digital components. Both supplies can be tied together to a common 5 V sup ...
CN-0011 利用AD5382 DAC实现32通道可编程电压以及出色的温度漂移性能
CN-0011 利用AD5382 DAC实现32通道可编程电压以及出色的温度漂移性能

... temperature drift performance. It provides 32 individual voltage channels with 14 bits of resolution and a temperature stability of typically less than 3 ppm/°C. ...
Ted3
Ted3

... Insert a 9V battery or accumulator. Switch the power on.The processor will do the following tasks: Tests if the switch on the joystick is depressed. In this case, the flag V-tail is memorized and later, the LED will do one blink at a low frequency, about every 2 seconds. Note that the switch is not ...
Chapter 8: Data Communication Fundamentals
Chapter 8: Data Communication Fundamentals

... Analog Channel Capacity: BPS vs. Baud=# of signal changes per second Baud BPS=bits per second In early modems only, baud=BPS Each signal change can represent more than one bit, through complex modulation of amplitude, frequency, and/or phase Increases information-carrying capacity of a channel ...
SYNCHRONOUS PROGRAMMABLE 4
SYNCHRONOUS PROGRAMMABLE 4

... technology available in DIP and SOP packages. HCF40161B is a 4-bit synchronous programmable counter. The CLEAR function is asynchronous. A low level at the CLEAR input sets all four outputs low regardless of the state of the CLOCK, LOAD and ENABLE inputs. A low level at the LOAD inputs disables the ...
LV GRID VOLTAGE REGULATION USING TRANSFORMER
LV GRID VOLTAGE REGULATION USING TRANSFORMER

... management strategies have been proposed to address this issue using different voltage-reactive power relationships, but their effectiveness can be limited by competing performance objectives, or simply because the higher resistance characteristics of a typical LV feeder constrain the range of volta ...
EE 101 Lab 3 AC signals and scope
EE 101 Lab 3 AC signals and scope

... Capacitors are frequently labeled with a three digit code that is somewhat similar in format to the code for resistors. Referring to the three digit sequence as ABD, the nominal value of the capacitor is given by A:B x 10D in picofarads (pF). For example, the label "103" (A=1, B=0, D=3) would mean 1 ...
LECTURE 5. BINARY COUNTER
LECTURE 5. BINARY COUNTER

... Pins P1 through P4 are the program input pins. If your circuit needs to have a particular value at any time, these pins will be either connected to +5 volts or ground so that the correct number will be loaded at the output. The clock input, CLK, is an active high input. This means that when the cloc ...
EPAD® Technology (Electrically Programmable Analog Device)
EPAD® Technology (Electrically Programmable Analog Device)

... and the A/D converter. It is a unique CMOS-based device which, when used in combination with an inexpensive programmer, allows software-based analog circuit trimming in up to 100,000 discrete steps with resolution of as low as 0.1 millivolt. EPAD MOSFETs are available in dual and quad versions; and ...
Circuit component
Circuit component

AN34236241
AN34236241

... bettercontrollability. But onthe flip side, due to switching actions, these systems behaveas nonlinear loads. This create power quality problemssuch as voltages Sag/Swell, flickers, harmonics, asymmetricofvoltage have become increasingly serious. At thesametime, modern industrial equipments are more ...
High-efficiency SMPS using half-bridge resonant topology
High-efficiency SMPS using half-bridge resonant topology

... The architecture is based on an innovative front-end PFC stage, a high efficiency multi-resonant half-bridge converter stage and an auxiliary low consumption flyback converter, all supported by ST’s most competitive power ...
Datasheet - Pump Centre
Datasheet - Pump Centre

... Power Factor Other Load Type(s) (Specify Details) ...
Sensor Interface
Sensor Interface

... intensity of radiation received from the lamp via integral optical filters. In the absence of radiation they produce no signal and the gates of the on chip FET transistors are effectively at the 0V pyro supply potential. The FET transistor drains should be connected to a stable DC supply voltage of ...
Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using an LLC Resonant
Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using an LLC Resonant

... Various kinds of differential power processing converters and voltage equalizers have been proposed for series connected photovoltaic (PV)modules to prevent negative influences of partial shading, such as significant reduction in power generation and the occurrence of multiple maximum power points ( ...
Electro surgical unit
Electro surgical unit

... circuits to generate high frequency waveforms. • It is not offer the same safety feature as solid state unites. ...
Equipment Introduction: Part I - Introduction to the Function
Equipment Introduction: Part I - Introduction to the Function

... The amplitude of the wave is defined as the maximum magnitude of the wave. The amplitude is the vertical component of the signal and is measured in units of volts (V). Since we are dealing with an AC signal, the voltage will change over a period of time. The maximum voltage of a signal during its cy ...
< 1 ... 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report