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MRI – FACTS Network - Fault-Tolerant and Secure Power Grid
MRI – FACTS Network - Fault-Tolerant and Secure Power Grid

Fast 8KV MOSFET switch stack (1991, Berkley).pdf
Fast 8KV MOSFET switch stack (1991, Berkley).pdf

... necessity of maintaining either the source or detector region at a high potential for effective beam transport. In pulsed ion beam experiments, however, this problem can be avoidedby re-referencingthe ion beam with a “potential switch” as shown by Johnson and co-workers.* We have built a fast-beam p ...
Increasing the Efficiency of a Single Phase Z
Increasing the Efficiency of a Single Phase Z

... freewheeling state in the inverter. In the active state two diagonal switches of the H-bridge are closed. Now the current flowing through the inductors drops which leads to a ...
PW Data Sheet - Spec-Tech Industrial Electric
PW Data Sheet - Spec-Tech Industrial Electric

... with a low power reversing switch or with a center-off throttle potentiometer (wigwag). • Run Relay: Used to turn on or off equipment or signal a warning if a fault has occurred. • Brake Driver Circuit: Powers an optional electromechanical brake (current regulated and short circuit protected). • Key ...
Counterpoint SA-6 tube headamp
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High Average Power, High Current Pulsed Accelerator
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... increase of dielectric strength of various materials and interfaces that occurs when using sub-microsecond pulses 'I). Pulses, with a FWHM of a few IO'S of nanoseconds can be added together in transmission line ...
MSK136HG - M.S. Kennedy Corp.
MSK136HG - M.S. Kennedy Corp.

... The MSK 136 is a medium power monolithic amplifier ideally suited for medium power amplification and magnetic deflection applications. This amplifier is capable of operation at a supply voltage rating of 80 volts and can deliver guaranteed continuous output currents up to 2A, making the MSK 136 an e ...
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... ensure that it worked as desired. The first attempt use resistance values R1=400, R2=500, R3=1k, R4=500, R5=2.4k, and R6=100. This produced too large of current for the detector, which was rated at a max current of 2mA in the datasheet. The power supply was set to not exceed this current, so t ...
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Close Range High Voltage Multiplier Device

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The Full-wave Rectifier
The Full-wave Rectifier

... Therefore, the fundamental frequency of the ripple voltage is twice that of the AC supply frequency (100Hz) where for the half-wave rectifier it is exactly equal to the supply frequency (50Hz). The amount of ripple voltage that is superimposed on top of the DC supply voltage by the diodes can be vir ...
Power ratings Power: a measure of how quickly energy is transferred.
Power ratings Power: a measure of how quickly energy is transferred.

... Provide ten appliances around the room as a ‘circus’. Ask students to find the power rating of each. Suitable examples would be hairdryer, toaster, kettle, hair straighteners, mobile phone charger, iron, desk lamp, printer, radio and fan heater. For safety ensure that none of the devices are plugged ...
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... It can be done on an oscilloscope in X-Y mode. Whenever a stationary pattern is achieved, the frequency ratio fx / fy of the horizontal input to the vertical input is equal to the ratio Ny / Nx of the number of vertical to horizontal points of tangency to a rectangle that encloses the pattern, i.e., ...
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... Units up to and including 5kV can be provided with differential outputs capable of floating up to ±2kV from ground. Voltage programming and monitoring functions are normally referenced to ground. Current monitoring and metering is eliminated. Replace “R” suffix with “F” for this option. Output conne ...
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spec sheet - Spring Electronics

... The regulated output voltage from VOUT. ...
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... (Continued from first page) "Circuits from the Lab" are intended only for use with Analog Devices products and are the intellectual property of Analog Devices or its licensors. While you may use the "Circuits from the Lab" in the design of your product, no other license is granted by implication or ...
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... 2. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. ...
FILTER CIRCUITS
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... given frequency can be controlled by adding reactive elements - capacitors and inductors. Such circuits are usually called filters because they “filter” out frequencies except those lying in a selected range. The response of any electronic circuit depends to some degree on the frequency of operation ...
Single Clock Generator - Asahi Kasei Microdevices
Single Clock Generator - Asahi Kasei Microdevices

... l These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. When you consider any use or application of these products, please make inquiries the sales office of Asahi Kasei EMD Corporation (AKEMD) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products. l AKEMD assumes n ...
Fuzzy Based Control of PMBLDCM Drive with Power Quality
Fuzzy Based Control of PMBLDCM Drive with Power Quality

... conversion. The ac-dc conversion of electric power is usually required for BLDC motor drive; nevertheless, it causes many current harmonics and results in the poor power factor at input ac mains. A Three-phase voltage source inverter is used as an electronic commutator to operate the PMBLDC Motor. T ...
High Efficiency Power Sources for Pentium Processors
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Vatten & Avlopp-arkiv
Vatten & Avlopp-arkiv

< 1 ... 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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