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QUANTUM GROUPS AND HADAMARD MATRICES Introduction A
QUANTUM GROUPS AND HADAMARD MATRICES Introduction A

... The idea of noncommuting coordinates goes back to Heisenberg, the specific idea of using algebras of free coordinates on algebraic groups should be attributed to Brown, and a detailed study of these algebras, from a K-theoretic point of view, is due to McClanahan. Brown’s algebras are in fact too bi ...
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... From the definition, it is easy to see that all diagonal elements are positive. To solve the system Ax = b where A is positive definite, we can compute the Cholesky decomposition A = F > F where F is upper triangular. This decomposition exists if and only if A is symmetric and positive definite. In ...
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Four-vector

In the theory of relativity, a four-vector or 4-vector is a vector in Minkowski space, a four-dimensional real vector space. It differs from a Euclidean vector in how its magnitude is determined. The transformations that preserve this magnitude are the Lorentz transformations, which include spatial rotations, boosts (a change by a constant velocity to another inertial reference frame), and temporal and spatial inversions. Regarded as a homogeneous space, the transformation group of Minkowski space is the Poincaré group, which adds to the Lorentz group the group of translations. The Lorentz group may be represented by 4×4 matrices.The article considers four-vectors in the context of special relativity. Although the concept of four-vectors also extends to general relativity, some of the results stated in this article require modification in general relativity.
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