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Sheldon Axler Third Edition
Sheldon Axler Third Edition

Sistema de Control de UAVs con aplicaciones a vuelo en formación
Sistema de Control de UAVs con aplicaciones a vuelo en formación

... used to compute the control action. Then, bounds on the maximum sample time for the discrete time (digital) implementation of the controller are found using Sample and Zero Hold analysis. The bounds and the minimum attainable error are found to depend on the choice of gains for the controller. This ...
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n-dimensional Fourier Transform
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... For electronic documents a digital watermark is added by adding to the spectrum. Insert a few extra harmonics here and there and keep track of what you added. This is done in a way to make the changes in the image undetectable (you hope) and so that no one else could possibly tell what belongs in th ...
Matrix Methods for Linear Systems of Differential Equations
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.

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Chapter 2: A few introductory remarks on topology, Abstract: November 12, 2014

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GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY AND PHYSICS

< 1 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ... 214 >

Four-vector

In the theory of relativity, a four-vector or 4-vector is a vector in Minkowski space, a four-dimensional real vector space. It differs from a Euclidean vector in how its magnitude is determined. The transformations that preserve this magnitude are the Lorentz transformations, which include spatial rotations, boosts (a change by a constant velocity to another inertial reference frame), and temporal and spatial inversions. Regarded as a homogeneous space, the transformation group of Minkowski space is the Poincaré group, which adds to the Lorentz group the group of translations. The Lorentz group may be represented by 4×4 matrices.The article considers four-vectors in the context of special relativity. Although the concept of four-vectors also extends to general relativity, some of the results stated in this article require modification in general relativity.
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