Genetic Disorders as Models for Evolution
... h) ¼. The next generation should yield the same results unless the tt condition which causes Tay-Sachs provides some environmental disadvantage or some advantage. [1] i) Otherwise the parent would have the disorder. The phenotype is expressed as the homozygous genotype. [1] j) Both are caused by an ...
... h) ¼. The next generation should yield the same results unless the tt condition which causes Tay-Sachs provides some environmental disadvantage or some advantage. [1] i) Otherwise the parent would have the disorder. The phenotype is expressed as the homozygous genotype. [1] j) Both are caused by an ...
Genetics - Georgia Highlands College
... – Place gametes (haploid) of one parent along top, other along the left side – Combine all possible female gametes with all possible male gametes = fertilization – Boxes with 2 alleles = possible offspring (diploids) ...
... – Place gametes (haploid) of one parent along top, other along the left side – Combine all possible female gametes with all possible male gametes = fertilization – Boxes with 2 alleles = possible offspring (diploids) ...
here
... • Phenotype: this is essentially “what you see.” The outcome of a melting pot of genetic and environmental factors • Evolution as change of gene frequencies • Natural selection operates through fitness differences between different phenotypes – Ultimately these are differences in reproductive succes ...
... • Phenotype: this is essentially “what you see.” The outcome of a melting pot of genetic and environmental factors • Evolution as change of gene frequencies • Natural selection operates through fitness differences between different phenotypes – Ultimately these are differences in reproductive succes ...
Mendel and the Gene Idea
... 2 recessive alleles have defective or lack chloride transport channels Cause mucus build up in multiple organs, has pleiotropic effects Sickle cell anemia Most common among people of African descent Only homozygous recessive have full blown disease Heterozygous only when O2 exposure down ...
... 2 recessive alleles have defective or lack chloride transport channels Cause mucus build up in multiple organs, has pleiotropic effects Sickle cell anemia Most common among people of African descent Only homozygous recessive have full blown disease Heterozygous only when O2 exposure down ...
Speciation cont.
... 3. Hybridise freely – merging to reform the original species. Can be an indication that the species are of recent origin with imperfectly evolved ...
... 3. Hybridise freely – merging to reform the original species. Can be an indication that the species are of recent origin with imperfectly evolved ...
evolution concepts
... EEA: Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness. The original selection pressures which shaped the present adaptation. Inclusive fitness: W.D. Hamilton – fitness should include not just direct offspring but kin offspring as well; gene’s eye view of evolution Connection to sociobiology: EP – greater em ...
... EEA: Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness. The original selection pressures which shaped the present adaptation. Inclusive fitness: W.D. Hamilton – fitness should include not just direct offspring but kin offspring as well; gene’s eye view of evolution Connection to sociobiology: EP – greater em ...
Evolution and Development
... • Behaviors and psychological phenomena have effects on the organism’s environment and thus have fitness • There are constraints on evolution of adaptations • Modularity: Different behaviors and Psychological phenomena can evolve relatively independently of each other – Different genes affect differ ...
... • Behaviors and psychological phenomena have effects on the organism’s environment and thus have fitness • There are constraints on evolution of adaptations • Modularity: Different behaviors and Psychological phenomena can evolve relatively independently of each other – Different genes affect differ ...
Animal Reproduction and Genetics
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
Animal Reproduction and Genetics
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
Animal Reproduction and Genetics
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
... • Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of gamete production. – A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has 400,000 potential eggs per ovary. – Ova are fully developed at puberty and are not continuously produced as in the male. – All ...
population genetics File
... individuals survive specifically because of their genetic makeup). The resultant alterations and loss of genetic variability has been termed the bottleneck effect. ...
... individuals survive specifically because of their genetic makeup). The resultant alterations and loss of genetic variability has been termed the bottleneck effect. ...
Mating Systems 1
... better territory than pairing with an unmated male on an inferior territory • Verner (1964, 1965) observed female Marsh Wrens frequently choose to share a male, even though there are many bachelor males available • The number of females held by each male correlates with the amount of emergent vegeta ...
... better territory than pairing with an unmated male on an inferior territory • Verner (1964, 1965) observed female Marsh Wrens frequently choose to share a male, even though there are many bachelor males available • The number of females held by each male correlates with the amount of emergent vegeta ...
Nikolayev Ì., Alekseyeva N.
... the system at the moment and does not depend on how the system has come to this state. 1. Initial data for constructing a model When carrying out research the process of inbreeding (crossing of two closely related individuals) was studied. The scope of the given process is selection as it can help u ...
... the system at the moment and does not depend on how the system has come to this state. 1. Initial data for constructing a model When carrying out research the process of inbreeding (crossing of two closely related individuals) was studied. The scope of the given process is selection as it can help u ...
If your cell phone is being used for ANY other reason
... Fill in the correct form of inheritance: Take a closer look at heredity… 9. Occurs when several genes determine one trait. 10. Results in a blending effect in the offspring. 11. When more than 2 alleles exist for a single gene. 12. When two alleles equally express themselves. ...
... Fill in the correct form of inheritance: Take a closer look at heredity… 9. Occurs when several genes determine one trait. 10. Results in a blending effect in the offspring. 11. When more than 2 alleles exist for a single gene. 12. When two alleles equally express themselves. ...
Chapter 22: Evolutionary Processes
... b. This prediction has been verified in a wide variety of species, including humans. (Table 22.3) 5. Inbreeding is an indirect cause of evolution, because it increases the rate at which natural selection eliminates deleterious recessive alleles. 6. Therefore, many species have mechanisms that preven ...
... b. This prediction has been verified in a wide variety of species, including humans. (Table 22.3) 5. Inbreeding is an indirect cause of evolution, because it increases the rate at which natural selection eliminates deleterious recessive alleles. 6. Therefore, many species have mechanisms that preven ...
Deducing Genotypes - Life is a journey: Mr. T finding his way
... • Unaffected people o Second and third sons o Grand daughter ...
... • Unaffected people o Second and third sons o Grand daughter ...
Mutation
... Sexual selection is the differential reproductive success resulting from competition between members of one sex, usually males, to achieve matings and/or fertilizations; can result in the evolution of exaggerated male traits which may be detrimental to survival ...
... Sexual selection is the differential reproductive success resulting from competition between members of one sex, usually males, to achieve matings and/or fertilizations; can result in the evolution of exaggerated male traits which may be detrimental to survival ...
Summary - JBennett
... Allele: alternate form of the same gene e.g. the gene for hair colour has brown and blonde alleles Dominant: when two different alleles are present the one that is expressed is dominant e.g. brown is dominant to blonde, indicated with capital letter (B) -dominant alleles are not always the most comm ...
... Allele: alternate form of the same gene e.g. the gene for hair colour has brown and blonde alleles Dominant: when two different alleles are present the one that is expressed is dominant e.g. brown is dominant to blonde, indicated with capital letter (B) -dominant alleles are not always the most comm ...
Gene Frequency and Speciation
... in one type of environment than another. 4. If a barrier to interbreeding is introduced among the 3 ecotypes, alleles that are not suited for that particular environment will be lost from the local population. 5. If the new, isolated population remains isolated long enough, it will not be able to pr ...
... in one type of environment than another. 4. If a barrier to interbreeding is introduced among the 3 ecotypes, alleles that are not suited for that particular environment will be lost from the local population. 5. If the new, isolated population remains isolated long enough, it will not be able to pr ...
Applied Biology Chapter 8 Study Guide
... 4. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ...
... 4. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ...
Theoretical genetics
... due to an inherited condition. Red/Green color blindness is by far the most common form, about 99%, and causes problems in distinguishing reds and greens. Another color deficiency Blue/Yellow also exists, but is rare and there is no commonly available test for it. Depending on just which figures y ...
... due to an inherited condition. Red/Green color blindness is by far the most common form, about 99%, and causes problems in distinguishing reds and greens. Another color deficiency Blue/Yellow also exists, but is rare and there is no commonly available test for it. Depending on just which figures y ...
Genotype X Environment Interactions
... Where, CovGE is the covariance between genetic and environmental effects. The covariance for this component is expected to be 0 if conditions for different genotypes are equalized by randomly allocating individuals across the range of environment, which is difficult to achieve in wild populations. ...
... Where, CovGE is the covariance between genetic and environmental effects. The covariance for this component is expected to be 0 if conditions for different genotypes are equalized by randomly allocating individuals across the range of environment, which is difficult to achieve in wild populations. ...
Anthropology 7 Problem Set #2
... Consider an allele that is harmful only when the individual receives two copies of it—one from the mother, and one from the father. That is, it is only harmful when the individual is homozygous for it. This is a common situation: If some mutation scrambles a gene so that it no longer produces its pr ...
... Consider an allele that is harmful only when the individual receives two copies of it—one from the mother, and one from the father. That is, it is only harmful when the individual is homozygous for it. This is a common situation: If some mutation scrambles a gene so that it no longer produces its pr ...
Genome-wide deleterious mutation favors dispersal and
... mating, depending on the propensity of parental individuals to produce migrant offspring. The probability of offspring migration is m in simulations without migration rate modifiers; it is a function of deme and genotype frequencies in modifier simulations. Local offspring are formed by mating paren ...
... mating, depending on the propensity of parental individuals to produce migrant offspring. The probability of offspring migration is m in simulations without migration rate modifiers; it is a function of deme and genotype frequencies in modifier simulations. Local offspring are formed by mating paren ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.