Genes, Genomics, and Chromosomes
... In vertebrates and invertebrates, the genes encoding rRNAs and some other noncoding RNAs such as snRNA are arranged in tandemly repeated arrays These tandemly repeated genes, appear one after the other, encode identical or almost identical proteins or ...
... In vertebrates and invertebrates, the genes encoding rRNAs and some other noncoding RNAs such as snRNA are arranged in tandemly repeated arrays These tandemly repeated genes, appear one after the other, encode identical or almost identical proteins or ...
Lac Operon
... Negative and positive control of the lac operon by the Lac repressor and catabolite activator protein (CAP), respec-tively. (a) In the absence of lactose to serve as an inducer, the Lac repressor is able to bind the operator; regardless of the levels of cAMP and the presence of CAP, mRNA production ...
... Negative and positive control of the lac operon by the Lac repressor and catabolite activator protein (CAP), respec-tively. (a) In the absence of lactose to serve as an inducer, the Lac repressor is able to bind the operator; regardless of the levels of cAMP and the presence of CAP, mRNA production ...
Exam 2
... polymerase and what is its function? What is a codon? What is start codon and what is a stop codon? Know how to covert a DNA sequence to an mRNA sequence (transcription) and then an amino acid sequence (translation). Know the different types of RNA. What are the three binding sites in the ribosome a ...
... polymerase and what is its function? What is a codon? What is start codon and what is a stop codon? Know how to covert a DNA sequence to an mRNA sequence (transcription) and then an amino acid sequence (translation). Know the different types of RNA. What are the three binding sites in the ribosome a ...
MUTATION
... Stadler, in his second paper in 1928, reported (in an abstract about half a page long) three major discoveries made with barley: 1. Seeds soaked in water to initiate germination gave almost eight times the mutation rate of dormant seeds. 2. Mutation rate was independent of the temperature at the tim ...
... Stadler, in his second paper in 1928, reported (in an abstract about half a page long) three major discoveries made with barley: 1. Seeds soaked in water to initiate germination gave almost eight times the mutation rate of dormant seeds. 2. Mutation rate was independent of the temperature at the tim ...
Patterns of Inheritance
... • Mendel used dihydrid crosses to study all seven characteristics of pea plants • Proposed his principle of independent assortment, which states that during gamete formation in an F2 cross, a particular allele for one character can pair up with a particular allele of another character – R can end up ...
... • Mendel used dihydrid crosses to study all seven characteristics of pea plants • Proposed his principle of independent assortment, which states that during gamete formation in an F2 cross, a particular allele for one character can pair up with a particular allele of another character – R can end up ...
Complementation
... Haploid and diploid organisms If a gene is mutated in a haploid organism, the effect will be seen immediately as a mutant phenotype. In a diploid organism, this may not happen because the unmutated (wild type) copy of the gene will be dominant over the mutated one. ...
... Haploid and diploid organisms If a gene is mutated in a haploid organism, the effect will be seen immediately as a mutant phenotype. In a diploid organism, this may not happen because the unmutated (wild type) copy of the gene will be dominant over the mutated one. ...
Genetics and gene Therapy
... virus and the envelope of another. • Pseudotypes composed of the nucleocapsid of vesicular stomatitis virus (a rhabdovirus) and the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV,a retrovirus) are currently being used to study the immune response to ...
... virus and the envelope of another. • Pseudotypes composed of the nucleocapsid of vesicular stomatitis virus (a rhabdovirus) and the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV,a retrovirus) are currently being used to study the immune response to ...
Reporter Genes and Traps
... making marked cells different from non-marked cells. The two most commonly used selectable marker genes encode the traits of herbicide and antibiotic resistance (ampicillin resistance - ampR). Gene trap: ...
... making marked cells different from non-marked cells. The two most commonly used selectable marker genes encode the traits of herbicide and antibiotic resistance (ampicillin resistance - ampR). Gene trap: ...
Biology- Semester 2 Final Exam Review 2012
... 2. What are the two types of nucleic acids?What are the functions of the two types of nucleic acids? 3. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? 4. Name the purines. Name the pyrimidines. 5. Rosalind Franklin? Watson and Crick? 6. Explain how and why DNA replicates prior to cell division. Incl ...
... 2. What are the two types of nucleic acids?What are the functions of the two types of nucleic acids? 3. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? 4. Name the purines. Name the pyrimidines. 5. Rosalind Franklin? Watson and Crick? 6. Explain how and why DNA replicates prior to cell division. Incl ...
Sex-linked Traits - Perry Local Schools
... The human blood clotting disorder is a recessive trait (must receive both recessive alleles to express trait) which is found on the X ...
... The human blood clotting disorder is a recessive trait (must receive both recessive alleles to express trait) which is found on the X ...
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
... RFLP can arise due to VNTR's VNTR are variable number tandem repeat. First example found in myoglobin gene. Short sequence of 33 base pairs (other examples vary from 15-100 bp) is repeated a variable number of times. Direct repeat - highly polymorphic - many allele morphs Figure 14-4 (7th) Use this ...
... RFLP can arise due to VNTR's VNTR are variable number tandem repeat. First example found in myoglobin gene. Short sequence of 33 base pairs (other examples vary from 15-100 bp) is repeated a variable number of times. Direct repeat - highly polymorphic - many allele morphs Figure 14-4 (7th) Use this ...
Text S1.
... bp from both transposon termini. Each tRNALys gene can be transcribed but does not encode a functional product. Upon insertion, the element generates a 9-bp target site duplication (TSD), which is characteristic for Mu-like elements. Based on EST evidence, two transcripts stem from the presumptive a ...
... bp from both transposon termini. Each tRNALys gene can be transcribed but does not encode a functional product. Upon insertion, the element generates a 9-bp target site duplication (TSD), which is characteristic for Mu-like elements. Based on EST evidence, two transcripts stem from the presumptive a ...
Genetics: Mendelian Genetics
... Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia a recessive disease; one amino acid changes in hemoglobin molecule; Sickle-cell hemoglobin molecules tend to cluster together and block the capillary vessels. normal SS, disease ss, carriers Ss. In Africa, 45% of certain population have the genotype Ss. Because ...
... Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia a recessive disease; one amino acid changes in hemoglobin molecule; Sickle-cell hemoglobin molecules tend to cluster together and block the capillary vessels. normal SS, disease ss, carriers Ss. In Africa, 45% of certain population have the genotype Ss. Because ...
Lecture 8 RNA Secondary Structure Central Dogma
... RNA • In the central dodgma, we talk about mRNA coding for protein. There are also tRNA and rRNA that are also coded for by the DNA. The MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (22 nucleotides) non-coding RNA gene products that seem to regulate translation • The RNA has features in it sequence that gives it a ...
... RNA • In the central dodgma, we talk about mRNA coding for protein. There are also tRNA and rRNA that are also coded for by the DNA. The MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (22 nucleotides) non-coding RNA gene products that seem to regulate translation • The RNA has features in it sequence that gives it a ...
By Michael Harwood This article was catalysed
... Wong in the November issue of MC2. Her essay caught my interest when she discussed the “deeper genome” and triple and quadruple stranded DNA. I’m going to write about some of the related ideas that I’ve come across in my layman excursions into biochemistry, and I apologize up front for the technical ...
... Wong in the November issue of MC2. Her essay caught my interest when she discussed the “deeper genome” and triple and quadruple stranded DNA. I’m going to write about some of the related ideas that I’ve come across in my layman excursions into biochemistry, and I apologize up front for the technical ...
Vibrio Cholera
... V. cholerae did not always cause disease. Infection with the CTX phage gives the bacterium its toxinogenicity. The phage recognizes a pilus on the surface of the bacterium and uses it to enter the cell. Once inside the cell, the CTX phage integrates into the chromosome and the lysogen expresses chol ...
... V. cholerae did not always cause disease. Infection with the CTX phage gives the bacterium its toxinogenicity. The phage recognizes a pilus on the surface of the bacterium and uses it to enter the cell. Once inside the cell, the CTX phage integrates into the chromosome and the lysogen expresses chol ...
Population Genetics
... surplus of homozygotes. • Assortative mating – If individuals prefer to mate with other individuals with similar genotypes this may lead to a surplus of homozygotes. ...
... surplus of homozygotes. • Assortative mating – If individuals prefer to mate with other individuals with similar genotypes this may lead to a surplus of homozygotes. ...
Intermediate 2 Biology Revision
... 1. What two factors determine an organism’s phenotype? 2. If identical twins are subjected to different environmental factors, what will happen to their: a. Phenotype? b. Genotype? 3. Name a plant species which has been used in experiments to demonstrate changes in environment alone are NOT enough f ...
... 1. What two factors determine an organism’s phenotype? 2. If identical twins are subjected to different environmental factors, what will happen to their: a. Phenotype? b. Genotype? 3. Name a plant species which has been used in experiments to demonstrate changes in environment alone are NOT enough f ...
Biology 30 Student Notes Cells Genetics Population_1
... sexually reproducing plants. o There are various forms of this process throughout the living world. o Sporophyte produces, asexually, spores, reproductive cells that can grow into new individuals without fertilization (gametophytes) o Gametophyte plant produces gametes which must fuse to produce a c ...
... sexually reproducing plants. o There are various forms of this process throughout the living world. o Sporophyte produces, asexually, spores, reproductive cells that can grow into new individuals without fertilization (gametophytes) o Gametophyte plant produces gametes which must fuse to produce a c ...
Sookie, a student in Genetics 200A, is a little too obsessed with
... there has been a lateral spread of heterochromatin outside of its normal boundaries, suggest a hypothesis (or two) for what might be the molecular cause of fission yeast vampirism. Many possible correct answers, in general, yeast vampirism is caused by the spread of silencing outside of its boundari ...
... there has been a lateral spread of heterochromatin outside of its normal boundaries, suggest a hypothesis (or two) for what might be the molecular cause of fission yeast vampirism. Many possible correct answers, in general, yeast vampirism is caused by the spread of silencing outside of its boundari ...
Mapping Mutations in the HIV RNA
... particles called VIRIONS, which serve to protect the genome and to transfer it to other cells. ...
... particles called VIRIONS, which serve to protect the genome and to transfer it to other cells. ...
Document
... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) which has been transcribed from the DNA, carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. ...
... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) which has been transcribed from the DNA, carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. ...
APBiology 12
... Concept 20.2 DNA technology allows us to study the sequence, expression, and function of a gene. Once scientists have prepared homogeneous samples of DNA, each containing a large number of identical segments, they can ask some interesting questions about specific genes and their functions. o Does ...
... Concept 20.2 DNA technology allows us to study the sequence, expression, and function of a gene. Once scientists have prepared homogeneous samples of DNA, each containing a large number of identical segments, they can ask some interesting questions about specific genes and their functions. o Does ...
let-60(gf)
... - Epistasis analysis using null mutations- The GAP story - Epistasis analysis using gf mutations - The Ras suppressors ...
... - Epistasis analysis using null mutations- The GAP story - Epistasis analysis using gf mutations - The Ras suppressors ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.