Lab 11. (1 a). Chapter 15. Mendelian Geneticcs
... allele. If an individual possesses two identical alleles, they are said to be homozygous. If an individual possesses two different alleles, they are said to be heterozygous. An individual‘s genetic make-up, or genotype, in turn influences one’s physical characteristics, the phenotype. In many cases, ...
... allele. If an individual possesses two identical alleles, they are said to be homozygous. If an individual possesses two different alleles, they are said to be heterozygous. An individual‘s genetic make-up, or genotype, in turn influences one’s physical characteristics, the phenotype. In many cases, ...
Lab East/cornlab
... not simply blend to produce a hybrid mixture. For example, purpleflowering X white-flowering plants did not produce plants of medium or blended color - they were all purple; tall plants X short plants were not of medium height - they were all tall. Mendel described a particulate hypothesis to explai ...
... not simply blend to produce a hybrid mixture. For example, purpleflowering X white-flowering plants did not produce plants of medium or blended color - they were all purple; tall plants X short plants were not of medium height - they were all tall. Mendel described a particulate hypothesis to explai ...
Genetics PowerPoint - Lewiston School District
... alleles for the color of a pea are referred to as G: green and Y: yellow. The green parent received 2 green alleles The yellow parent received 2 yellow alleles In this example each parent gives their offspring a copy of one of their alleles. Depending on what allele variations parents have to offer, ...
... alleles for the color of a pea are referred to as G: green and Y: yellow. The green parent received 2 green alleles The yellow parent received 2 yellow alleles In this example each parent gives their offspring a copy of one of their alleles. Depending on what allele variations parents have to offer, ...
Overexpression of a Knotted-Like Homeobox Gene of Potato Alters
... and Chan, 1996). Ectopic expression of the eyeless gene in the wing imaginal disc tissue of fruitfly embryos causes a normal eye to form on the wings (Halder et al., 1995). The first plant homeobox gene to be discovered was knotted1 (kn1) from maize (Zea mays; Vollbrecht et al., 1991). Dominant gain ...
... and Chan, 1996). Ectopic expression of the eyeless gene in the wing imaginal disc tissue of fruitfly embryos causes a normal eye to form on the wings (Halder et al., 1995). The first plant homeobox gene to be discovered was knotted1 (kn1) from maize (Zea mays; Vollbrecht et al., 1991). Dominant gain ...
Genomics-based approaches to improve drought tolerance of crops
... targeted by molecular techniques and, thus, can be exploited as a molecular marker. SNPs are particularly amenable to high-throughput, automated profiling. Synteny: conservation of gene organization, including the linear order of genes on chromosomes (i.e. colinearity) among phylogenetically related ...
... targeted by molecular techniques and, thus, can be exploited as a molecular marker. SNPs are particularly amenable to high-throughput, automated profiling. Synteny: conservation of gene organization, including the linear order of genes on chromosomes (i.e. colinearity) among phylogenetically related ...
Comparison of the separation of Candida albicans chromosome
... hours at 60°C as described by Wills, Troutman and Riggsby (12). Filters were washed once at room temperature for 15 minutes with 0.5 xSSC (1 xSSC=0.15 M sodium chloride and 0.015 M trisodium citrate, pH 7.0)/0.1 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), then washed twice for 30 minutes each with 0.1 xSSC/0.1% ...
... hours at 60°C as described by Wills, Troutman and Riggsby (12). Filters were washed once at room temperature for 15 minutes with 0.5 xSSC (1 xSSC=0.15 M sodium chloride and 0.015 M trisodium citrate, pH 7.0)/0.1 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), then washed twice for 30 minutes each with 0.1 xSSC/0.1% ...
Package `TCGAbiolinks`
... Description The aim of TCGAbiolinks is : i) facilitate the GDC open-access data retrieval, ii) prepare the data using the appropriate pre-processing strategies, iii) provide the means to carry out different standard analyses and iv) to easily reproduce earlier research results. In more detail, the p ...
... Description The aim of TCGAbiolinks is : i) facilitate the GDC open-access data retrieval, ii) prepare the data using the appropriate pre-processing strategies, iii) provide the means to carry out different standard analyses and iv) to easily reproduce earlier research results. In more detail, the p ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in
... Figure 2 Evidence for avian genes missing in syntenic blocks. Example of avian missing syntenic block, revealed by local chromosomal alignment of 1-to-1 orthologous genes in lizard, chicken, and humans, based on chromosomal position in lizard (for full set of deletions see Additional file 1: Table S ...
... Figure 2 Evidence for avian genes missing in syntenic blocks. Example of avian missing syntenic block, revealed by local chromosomal alignment of 1-to-1 orthologous genes in lizard, chicken, and humans, based on chromosomal position in lizard (for full set of deletions see Additional file 1: Table S ...
Basic Concepts of Reproductive Biology and Genetics
... periods, only to feed, defecate, and drink. Lactation normally lasts 3–4 weeks depending on the number and degree of vigor of the pups. In the mouse, the number of neonates is frequently greater than the number of nipples (10), but this is not a problem and the pups are generally fed adequately.11 F ...
... periods, only to feed, defecate, and drink. Lactation normally lasts 3–4 weeks depending on the number and degree of vigor of the pups. In the mouse, the number of neonates is frequently greater than the number of nipples (10), but this is not a problem and the pups are generally fed adequately.11 F ...
PDF - Stanford University
... et al. 1996). Despite the biological importance of retrotransposons, relatively little is known about the factors that influence their evolution. Information on the molecular variation existing within and between families of retrotransposons can provide valuable insight into their evolutionary histo ...
... et al. 1996). Despite the biological importance of retrotransposons, relatively little is known about the factors that influence their evolution. Information on the molecular variation existing within and between families of retrotransposons can provide valuable insight into their evolutionary histo ...
MAGMA manual (version 1.05)
... The p-value file must be a plain text data file with each row corresponding to a SNP. If MAGMA detects a header in the file it will look for SNP IDs and p-values in the SNP and P column respectively. If no header is found it will use the first column for SNP IDs and the second column for p-values. I ...
... The p-value file must be a plain text data file with each row corresponding to a SNP. If MAGMA detects a header in the file it will look for SNP IDs and p-values in the SNP and P column respectively. If no header is found it will use the first column for SNP IDs and the second column for p-values. I ...
Genetic analysis of genes on the 4th chromosome of
... typical of β-heterochromatin. This term was first used in Drosophila by Heitz (1934) to describe the diffuse and poorly banded regions that comprise much of the chromocenter of the Drosophila virilis polytene chromosome set. The chromocenter of D. virilis contains a very strongly staining material ...
... typical of β-heterochromatin. This term was first used in Drosophila by Heitz (1934) to describe the diffuse and poorly banded regions that comprise much of the chromocenter of the Drosophila virilis polytene chromosome set. The chromocenter of D. virilis contains a very strongly staining material ...
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建
... which contained redundant or highly similar clones (>97% amino acid identity). Seven groups were designated as Pto resistance gene candidates (Pto-RGCs) based on their significant similarity with the tomato Pto disease resistance protein (E value <3e-53). The other five groups showed significant si ...
... which contained redundant or highly similar clones (>97% amino acid identity). Seven groups were designated as Pto resistance gene candidates (Pto-RGCs) based on their significant similarity with the tomato Pto disease resistance protein (E value <3e-53). The other five groups showed significant si ...
Lack of expression of XIST from a small ring X chromosome
... A 46,X,r(X) karyotype was found in a three and a half year old girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. The clinical findings were consistent with the phenotype described in a limited number of patients with small ring X chromosomes lacking the XIST locus, a critical play ...
... A 46,X,r(X) karyotype was found in a three and a half year old girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. The clinical findings were consistent with the phenotype described in a limited number of patients with small ring X chromosomes lacking the XIST locus, a critical play ...
GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION USING
... genome assembly [4], protein structure prediction [5], prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions [6], modeling of evolution [7], with a major goal being the linking of genotypes to phenotypes [8]. While there is a tight coupling of developments and knowledge within these subfiel ...
... genome assembly [4], protein structure prediction [5], prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions [6], modeling of evolution [7], with a major goal being the linking of genotypes to phenotypes [8]. While there is a tight coupling of developments and knowledge within these subfiel ...
WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis
... analysis (WGCNA) can be used for finding clusters (modules) of highly correlated genes, for summarizing such clusters using the module eigengene or an intramodular hub gene, for relating modules to one another and to external sample traits (using eigengene network methodology), and for calculating m ...
... analysis (WGCNA) can be used for finding clusters (modules) of highly correlated genes, for summarizing such clusters using the module eigengene or an intramodular hub gene, for relating modules to one another and to external sample traits (using eigengene network methodology), and for calculating m ...
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
... DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy^ edited by Moshe Szyf. ©2005 Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ...
... DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy^ edited by Moshe Szyf. ©2005 Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ...
Genetic Epidemiology of Obesity
... The hypothesis-driven approach (candidate gene or biologic pathway analysis) needs an a priori hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms in a candidate gene or a biologic pathway being studied are causal variants or in strong linkage disequilibrium with a causal variant for a particular phenotype of ...
... The hypothesis-driven approach (candidate gene or biologic pathway analysis) needs an a priori hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms in a candidate gene or a biologic pathway being studied are causal variants or in strong linkage disequilibrium with a causal variant for a particular phenotype of ...
The Informational Gene and the Substantial Body: On the
... can even come to replace the molecular concept of the gene altogether. The result is a theory that genes are evolutionary information. Hence if evolution occurs at other levels, there must be “genes” at those levels. As formal theory, this reflexive definition of the gene in terms of evolutionary th ...
... can even come to replace the molecular concept of the gene altogether. The result is a theory that genes are evolutionary information. Hence if evolution occurs at other levels, there must be “genes” at those levels. As formal theory, this reflexive definition of the gene in terms of evolutionary th ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds
... Figure 2 Evidence for avian genes missing in syntenic blocks. Example of avian missing syntenic block, revealed by local chromosomal alignment of 1-to-1 orthologous genes in lizard, chicken, and humans, based on chromosomal position in lizard (for full set of deletions see Additional file 1: Table S ...
... Figure 2 Evidence for avian genes missing in syntenic blocks. Example of avian missing syntenic block, revealed by local chromosomal alignment of 1-to-1 orthologous genes in lizard, chicken, and humans, based on chromosomal position in lizard (for full set of deletions see Additional file 1: Table S ...
Spontaneous mutagenesis in exponentially growing and sta
... genes. Among them are the umuDC genes encoding DNA polymerase V which participates in translesion DNA synthesis (TSL) (Walker, 1998; Woodgate, 1999; Friedberg & Gerlach, 1999; Bridges, 1999; Janion, 2001). Replication by Pol V across DNA damage comes at the cost of reduced fidelity leading to format ...
... genes. Among them are the umuDC genes encoding DNA polymerase V which participates in translesion DNA synthesis (TSL) (Walker, 1998; Woodgate, 1999; Friedberg & Gerlach, 1999; Bridges, 1999; Janion, 2001). Replication by Pol V across DNA damage comes at the cost of reduced fidelity leading to format ...
Adaptive evolution drives divergence of a hybrid inviability gene
... caused by incompatible interactions between loci: new alleles that become established in one species are sometimes functionally incompatible with alleles at interacting loci from another species. However, almost nothing is known about the genes involved in such hybrid incompatibilities or the evolut ...
... caused by incompatible interactions between loci: new alleles that become established in one species are sometimes functionally incompatible with alleles at interacting loci from another species. However, almost nothing is known about the genes involved in such hybrid incompatibilities or the evolut ...
Coding Regions of MSX1 do not Contribute to Non
... examined regions of MSX1, two exons including intronicexonic boundaries in Turkish NS-CL/P patients. There are some reports that researchers found no MSX1 mutations in patients with clefts [8, 9]. According to the previous studies, mutations in MSX1 can contribute to NSCL/P as many as 2% of the tota ...
... examined regions of MSX1, two exons including intronicexonic boundaries in Turkish NS-CL/P patients. There are some reports that researchers found no MSX1 mutations in patients with clefts [8, 9]. According to the previous studies, mutations in MSX1 can contribute to NSCL/P as many as 2% of the tota ...
Guidance on the Use of Biochemical and Molecular Markers
... Use of morphological and molecular distances with thresholds defined by DUS experts. GAIA was also calibrated against DUS experts’ evaluations when developed by GEVES; Use of molecular data that are not susceptible to the environment; the set of markers and the laboratory protocol are well defined; ...
... Use of morphological and molecular distances with thresholds defined by DUS experts. GAIA was also calibrated against DUS experts’ evaluations when developed by GEVES; Use of molecular data that are not susceptible to the environment; the set of markers and the laboratory protocol are well defined; ...
Repetitive complete hydatidiform mole can be biparental in origin
... pregnancy, is associated with the presence of two paternal genomes and thus involves imprinted genes, that is genes which are normally only expressed from the maternally or paternally derived allele. Further evidence that the trophoblastic hyperplasia typical of molar pregnancies results from increa ...
... pregnancy, is associated with the presence of two paternal genomes and thus involves imprinted genes, that is genes which are normally only expressed from the maternally or paternally derived allele. Further evidence that the trophoblastic hyperplasia typical of molar pregnancies results from increa ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.