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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL IMBALANCES Michael D. Bordo
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL IMBALANCES Michael D. Bordo

an analysis of pegged exchange rate between bhutan and india
an analysis of pegged exchange rate between bhutan and india

... rate and negative effects of a pegged rate discussed above would disappear. Bhutan’s political pride would increase and it would be able to make its own monetary policies. It would be able to earn some revenue in terms of seignorage through the printing of more currency to replace the Indian notes t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LOCAL CURRENCY BOND MARKETS John D. Burger
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LOCAL CURRENCY BOND MARKETS John D. Burger

Coping with crises: is there a “silver bullet”?
Coping with crises: is there a “silver bullet”?

... We start with the observation that it is those emerging market economies which have rapidly liberalised their capital markets that have suffered the worst crises, in 1994/5, 1997 and 1998. One does not have to subscribe to the Polanyi-like perspective that the domain of political control must march ...
If You`re So Smart: John Maynard Keynes and Currency Speculation
If You`re So Smart: John Maynard Keynes and Currency Speculation

Introduction to International Business
Introduction to International Business

The Impact of the Devaluation of the CFA Franc on the Trade
The Impact of the Devaluation of the CFA Franc on the Trade

Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates
Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates

Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity
Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity

... Exchange rates matter in many different ways to many different constituencies in the world economy  Much of this section on international finance will be directly or indirectly concerned with exchange rates ...
A theory of the currency denomination of international trade
A theory of the currency denomination of international trade

... Received 7 November 2002; received in revised form 1 October 2003; accepted 2 January 2004 ...
Effects of Fiscal Policy under Different Capital Mobility
Effects of Fiscal Policy under Different Capital Mobility

... The money market equilibrium can be pictured as the “LM curve” of figure1. It shows all possible combinations of interest rate i and real GDP Y that are consistent with equilibrium in the money sector of the national economy, given the state of other fundamental influences. If any of these other fun ...
Do you believe in Asia?  Chinese bonds and the renminbi
Do you believe in Asia? Chinese bonds and the renminbi

...  Despite the clear economic importance of the region, Asia ex Japan bond markets represent less than 1% of the world government bond index ...
Singapore`s Exchange Rate Policy - Monetary Authority of Singapore
Singapore`s Exchange Rate Policy - Monetary Authority of Singapore

... Thai baht, the Malaysian ringgit, and especially the Indonesian rupiah). In mid-98, the crisis deepened and the Singapore economy started to weaken. In the absence of inflationary pressures, MAS eased exchange rate policy. With the recent strong recovery of the economy, MAS has shifted to a preempti ...
Fixed Exchange Rates
Fixed Exchange Rates

... international reserve assets (foreign assets)? • It must devalue the domestic currency so that it takes more domestic currency (assets) to exchange for 1 unit of foreign currency (asset). – This will allow the central bank to replenish its foreign assets by buying them back at a devalued rate, – inc ...
MONETARY REFORM THE CASE GOLD Convertibility, Monetary Overhang,
MONETARY REFORM THE CASE GOLD Convertibility, Monetary Overhang,

The Gold or the Green?
The Gold or the Green?

... enters and steals a wad of cash. Sound money avoids these problems. Some argue that the gold standard also suffers from detrimental inflation. The rationale behind this proposition is that increases in the stock of gold surely have the same inflationary effects as increases in the stock of money. Ho ...
O D : C E
O D : C E

... in foreign currency, where foreign currency lacks the legal tender privileges that domestic currency enjoys (Baliño et al. 1999: 1). Unofficial dollarization may take a variety of forms, including holding (1) foreign currency bonds or other noncash assets; (2) foreign currency cash, whether possess ...
Dollarization: A Primer - The Centre for Economic Performance
Dollarization: A Primer - The Centre for Economic Performance

... shocks in another, so that they compensate each other as factors move to the temporarily more productive region. Even in the absence of factor mobility, a scheme of fiscal transfers between member countries can yield the same result. Accordingly, the role that the symmetry argument should play while ...
Exchange Rate Policy I. Foreign Exchange Market
Exchange Rate Policy I. Foreign Exchange Market

Japanese yen and East-Asian currencies: before and after the Asian
Japanese yen and East-Asian currencies: before and after the Asian

... policy of East Asian countries inevitably led to their loss of competitiveness in international markets. Against this background, the crisis affected East Asian countries, except Malaysia, shifted to a free-floating exchange rate system after the 1997 crisis. Therefore, the exchange rates of their ...
chapter 1
chapter 1

Exchange rate overshooting and the costs of floating
Exchange rate overshooting and the costs of floating

... overshooting that can be substantial (labeled ‘Other Style’). These episodes include India in 1995, Bulgaria in 1998 and Israel in 1998. Figure 2 provides evidence that crises episodes in countries with high net debt indeed resulted in higher overshooting. More specifically, our measure of net debt ...
Convergence and shocks in the road to EU: Empirical investigations
Convergence and shocks in the road to EU: Empirical investigations

This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... eventually, then as Schwartz (1993) has commented, “a watershed would have been reached in the annals of political economy.” Do the potential benefits of currency boards outweigh their costs in these countries? Some of the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of currency boards are well known.2 ...
exchange rate
exchange rate

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Currency War of 2009–11

The Currency War of 2009–2011 is an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009 several states began or increased their levels of intervention to push down their currencies.Both private sector analysts and politicians including Tim Geithner have suggested the phrase currency war overstates the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a ""currency war"" had broken out.Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a currency war was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the dollar float freely. While the US has taken no direct action to devalue its currency, there is close to universal consensus among analysts that its quantitative easing programmes exert downwards pressure on the dollar.According to many analysts the currency war had largely fizzled out by mid-2011, though others including Mantega disagreed. As of March 2012, outbreaks of rhetoric have still been occurring, with additional measures being adopted by countries like Brazil to control the appreciation of their currency. Yet by June, there were signs that currency misalignment had been levelling out in China and across the world, with even Mantega relaxing some of Brazils anti-appreciation controls. Alarms were raised concerning a possible second 21st currency war in January 2013, this time with the most apparent tension being between Japan and the Euro-zone.
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