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UNIT I
UNIT I

... • Ic increases with temperature & there is no control over it • Hence there is poor thermal stability Ic =  Ib • Hence Ic depends on  •  may change from transistor to transistor • This will shift the operating point ...
22_InstructorGuideWin
22_InstructorGuideWin

... • The wire attached to a battery can do the same. • Thus there is evidence that the same physical process is happening inside the wire in both cases. • The wire that discharges the capacitor has charge moving through it—a current. • Therefore, the wires that make up a “circuit” have charge flowing t ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

FAN6749 Highly Integrated Ultra Green-Mode PWM Controller Features
FAN6749 Highly Integrated Ultra Green-Mode PWM Controller Features

... FAN6749 modulates the PWM frequency as a function of the FB voltage to improve the medium- and light-load efficiency, as shown in Figure 25. Since the output power is proportional to the FB voltage in current mode control, the switching frequency decreases as load decreases. In heavy-load conditions ...
s27R
s27R

CN-0270:完整的4 mA至20 mA HART解决方案
CN-0270:完整的4 mA至20 mA HART解决方案

... from normal handling. The industrial control environment can, however, subject I/O circuits to much higher transients. To protect the AD5420 from excessively high voltage transients, external power diodes and a surge current limiting resistor may be required, as shown in Figure 1. The constraint on ...
SOLAR BEACH CHAIR
SOLAR BEACH CHAIR

... provide a whole new outdoor experience. With other products, having the ability to charge two devices and cool a drink at the beach would require having to buy one or two separate solar chargers and a drink cooler. All of these things, along with your towel, chair, and devices, would then have to be ...
CN0202: 灵活、高精度、低漂移的PLC/DCS模拟输出模块SigmaDSP音频处理器的接口
CN0202: 灵活、高精度、低漂移的PLC/DCS模拟输出模块SigmaDSP音频处理器的接口

... guarantees ±1 LSB DNL under a wide range of reference voltages that can vary from 0.75 V to the VDD supply so that the AD5750 and the AD5662 can operate from a common reference source of 4.096 V, provided by the ADR444. The whole system will benefit from the ultralow noise and low temperature coeffi ...
OPA369 OPA2369
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... minimizes power consumption and operates on supply voltages as low as 1.8V. Power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR), common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and open-loop gain (AOL) typical values are in the range of 100dB or better. When designing for ultralow power, choose system components carefully. To ...
TPS6108x High Voltage DC/DC Boost Converter w/0.5A/1.3A
TPS6108x High Voltage DC/DC Boost Converter w/0.5A/1.3A

... under shutdown mode and short circuit condition to eliminate any possible current path. TPS6108x adopts current mode control with constant PWM (pulse width modulation) frequency. The switching frequency can be configured to either 600 kHz or 1.2 MHz through the FSW pin. 600 kHz improves light load e ...
Transient over Voltage Due to Switching Operation of Industrial
Transient over Voltage Due to Switching Operation of Industrial

... voltage and power rating of motors could be as high as 11 kV and 6 MW respectively. The motors cater to heavy duties work of above industries and handle large currents. High currents cannot be handled by the contactors and hence in majority of cases vacuum circuit breakers of appropriate ratings are ...
LM2594 0.5 A, Step-Down Switching Regulator
LM2594 0.5 A, Step-Down Switching Regulator

... 1. External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance. When the LM2594 is used as shown in the Figure 16 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters section. 2. The oscillator frequency reduc ...
LM2596 - ONSemi
LM2596 - ONSemi

A New Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformer Electromagnetic
A New Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformer Electromagnetic

... In view of the implicit trapezoidal method with considerable accuracy and good numerical stability, the electromagnetic transient program mostly uses this method. But when the grid topology changes, nonstate variables abrupt at same time, the implicit trapezoidal method calculates the equivalent cur ...
R25101A - Zeftronics
R25101A - Zeftronics

... If the voltage at A is 0.2V more than that on E, check the 5 Amp breaker, ALT switch, and connections between the bus and E for high resistance or open circuit. A high resistance between A & E may lead to flickering / oscillating ammeter and panel lights or show a higher than normal Bus voltage. An ...
Diode Concepts and application
Diode Concepts and application

... * Graphical load-line analysis is too cumbersome for complex circuits, * We may apply “Ideal-Diode Model” to simplify the analysis: (1) in forward direction: short-circuit assumption, zero voltage drop; (2) in reverse direction: open-circuit assumption. * The ideal-diode model can be used when the f ...
Sensor Signal Conditioning IC for Closed
Sensor Signal Conditioning IC for Closed

... (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not supported. (2 ...
measuring rms values of voltage and current
measuring rms values of voltage and current

Electrical Engineering Semester - VI
Electrical Engineering Semester - VI

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DSI-700 Instruction Manual

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Model 260 Microiontophoresis Current

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POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCE ON PERFORMANCE OF

Aalborg Universitet Fuel Cell Equivalent Electric Circuit Parameter Mapping
Aalborg Universitet Fuel Cell Equivalent Electric Circuit Parameter Mapping

Power Quality Analyzer Class A Accuracy Certified MC784
Power Quality Analyzer Class A Accuracy Certified MC784

MP3394S - Monolithic Power System
MP3394S - Monolithic Power System

... drawn from the input supply and the switching noise from the device. The input capacitor impedance at the switching frequency should be less than the input source impedance to prevent the high-frequency switching current from passing through to the input. Use ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R diele ...
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Current source



A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term constant-current 'sink' is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbol for an ideal current source, driving a resistor load. There are two types - an independent current source (or sink) delivers a constant current. A dependent current source delivers a current which is proportional to some other voltage or current in the circuit.
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