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Asian Regional Policy Coordination introduction Dong He COmmenTaRy
Asian Regional Policy Coordination introduction Dong He COmmenTaRy

... with other parts of the world, particularly the major advanced economies. The consensus view articulated by Asian policymakers can be summarized as follows: While intraregional trade of goods and services for final consumption and capital flows within Asia are set to grow tremendously in the decade ...
Should Gold-Exporters Peg Their Currencies to
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... same reason we have just seen: the dollar appreciated between 1995 and 1997. But, while the strong dollar was wreaking havoc on Argentina, Thailand, and other countries linked to the dollar, Chile was in a much better position. The Chilean peso was linked to a basket of currencies (dollar, yen, mark ...
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... The question is: Are these balance sheet effects large enough to make policymakers prefer a fixed exchange rate regime? Céspedes, Chang, and Velasco (2004) and Gertler, Gilchrist, and Natalucci (2003) address this question by analyzing the reaction of an emerging market model economy to an adverse e ...
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ECON 8423-001 International Finance

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COMPETITIVENESS, REALIGNMENT, AND SPECULATION: Maurice Obstfeld

... Interuniversitarlo Studi Teorici per la Politica Economica. The research reported here is part of the NBERS research program in International Studies. Any opinions expressed are those of the author and not those of the National Bureau of Economic ...
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Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australasia and Japan in the mid-20th century. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate by tying its currency to gold and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments. Also, there was a need to address the lack of cooperation among other countries and to prevent competitive devaluation of the currencies as well.Preparing to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, also known as the Bretton Woods Conference. The delegates deliberated during 1–22 July 1944, and signed the Bretton Woods agreement on its final day. Setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, these accords established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which today is part of the World Bank Group. The United States, which controlled two thirds of the world's gold, insisted that the Bretton Woods system rest on both gold and the US dollar. Soviet representatives attended the conference but later declined to ratify the final agreements, charging that the institutions they had created were ""branches of Wall Street."" These organizations became operational in 1945 after a sufficient number of countries had ratified the agreement.On 15 August 1971, the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively bringing the Bretton Woods system to an end and rendering the dollar a fiat currency. This action, referred to as the Nixon shock, created the situation in which the United States dollar became a reserve currency used by many states. At the same time, many fixed currencies (such as the pound sterling, for example), also became free-floating.
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