• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Currency crises and monetary policy in an economy with credit
Currency crises and monetary policy in an economy with credit

... require large changes in the relative price of tradeables and non-tradeables, as well as speci)c assumptions about the role of tradeable and non-tradeable goods in the economy. This credit-based approach to currency crises is consistent with numerous features observed in recent crises and left unexp ...
Monetary Policy and Quantitative Easing in an Open Economy
Monetary Policy and Quantitative Easing in an Open Economy

... How monetary policy transmits inflation expectations to other countries is a question of theoretical interest and practical importance. The failure to control inflation domestically can be the cause of suboptimal domestic fluctuations, if indeterminacy is real, and can de-stabilise trading partners ...
Carry Trades, Monetary Policy and Speculative Dynamics
Carry Trades, Monetary Policy and Speculative Dynamics

... April 30th, 2010. ...
Growth and Poverty Reduction Under Globalization: The
Growth and Poverty Reduction Under Globalization: The

... systematic deviations of nominal exchange rates from their purchasing power  parity levels and considering the possibility that such deviations could cause  systematic distortions in resource allocation leading to growth debacles. 1  Moreover, these same deviations could provoke severe instabilities ...
The real exchange rate
The real exchange rate

... A downturn in a major economy (like the US) gets quickly transmitted to the rest of the world through the trade channel 2007-09 Recession ...
$doc.title

... Heterogeneity between euro area members is further augmented by the single currency in that different countries have different sensitivities to fluctuations in the euro exchange rate, as determined by their trade linkages. For example, Ireland trades much more extensively with the US and the UK (as ...
View/Open
View/Open

... and Hakura (2001) find that the inflation regime is a significant determinant of the degree pass-through for a cross section of countries and a small number of countries that experienced a dramatic shift in the inflation environment also support the relation between inflation and the pass-through. A ...
Monetary Policy and Japan s Liquidity Trap
Monetary Policy and Japan s Liquidity Trap

... Japan, finds it particularly difficult to convince the private sector that it suddenly wants the price level to increase substantially. 2.1. Expanding the money supply One potential way to affect expectations of the future price level is by increasing the money supply. As Krugman noted, this is effectiv ...
Capital Account Liberalization as a Development Strategy for
Capital Account Liberalization as a Development Strategy for

... On the one hand, financial liberalization was conceived as a desirable economic policy because of its positive impact on member countries’ economic prospects. Specifically, IMF staff maintained that liberalization was beneficial as a mechanism of economic growth (welfare-enhancing argument) and as ...
Dollarization: The Case of Zimbabwe
Dollarization: The Case of Zimbabwe

... 2. The land expropriation program of 2000 when governmentsponsored veterans of the war for Zimbabwe’s independence invaded nearly all 4,500 white-owned commercial farms and forcibly appropriated them for war veterans and the kakistocracy of politicians and the security establishment (Richardson 2005 ...
The Uneasy Relation Between The Budget And
The Uneasy Relation Between The Budget And

... less than domestic investment. This identity has a number of important implications: • Achange in conditions or policies that increases exports or reduces imports will not increase the trade balance unless it also increases the balance of domestic saving and investment. Specifically, trade policy, b ...
The IMF and the Brazilian Crisis
The IMF and the Brazilian Crisis

... be stuck trying to pay back for a very long time. 2. You will have to sell everything you own, fire all your employees and you will have to live in severe distress to pay your debt. In the global world of foreign investment the person with the several companies is the country and the big investors a ...
99095115I_en.pdf
99095115I_en.pdf

... the fact that these goals are not made explicit, even though the Central Bank is the institution responsible for managing both systems, a factor that minimizes the likelihood of the kind of policy coordination problems seen in certain countries where exchange-rate policy is conducted by the governme ...
Competitive Currency Depreciation: The Need for a More Effective
Competitive Currency Depreciation: The Need for a More Effective

... the United States; when these ceased at the close of the decade, Great Britain suspended gold payments, France did not. The United States abandoned the gold standard as one of the first acts of the Roosevelt presidency, and rejected a proposed dollar-franc-pound stabilization proposal at the London ...
an analysis of pegged exchange rate between bhutan and india
an analysis of pegged exchange rate between bhutan and india

... is for an optimum currency area. He defines openness as a ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods. An economy with a higher ratio of tradable to non-tradable goods is considered more open. Economies that are highly open prefer fixed exchange rates. For them, a change in exchange rates will not ...
Euro - Georgia State University
Euro - Georgia State University

... it would eliminate a possible collapse of the currency board resulting in a large devaluation of the lev and another episode of financial instability. A low level of confidence in the Bulgarian currency board would therefore be associated with support for adopting the euro. The currency board contri ...
Obstacles to Implementing Lessons from the 1997-1998 East Asian Crises & Social Af
Obstacles to Implementing Lessons from the 1997-1998 East Asian Crises & Social Af

... Of course, some of the weaknesses identified in the literature did imply that the region was economically vulnerable. The dominance of foreign transnationals in manufacturing activities, especially in the most technologically sophisticated and dynamic ones, subordinated domestic industrial capital i ...
1 - uc-davis economics
1 - uc-davis economics

... One term paper. In the past, a polished version of the term paper has constituted the first chapter of the dissertation for some students. This will not be true for all of you but if you are thinking of writing a dissertation in monetary economics, this may be a good opportunity to get your thesis j ...
understanding monetary policy series no 24 how central
understanding monetary policy series no 24 how central

... Price instability manifests as price volatility, where volatility refers to the pace at which prices move higher or lower, and how wildly they swing. It is the frequency and severity with which the general price level rises and falls. In general, price instability is caused by factors including mone ...
The Real Exchange Rate: Issues Of Concept And Measurement, by
The Real Exchange Rate: Issues Of Concept And Measurement, by

... Ep * / p d answers the question, how many baskets of our imports can we buy with one of our production (GDP) baskets or with one of our consumption (CPI) baskets? This would be my nominee for a RER measure that was tailored to each country’s trade pattern. Why cannot this definition be made into the ...
dollar deposed stress test scenario
dollar deposed stress test scenario

... all potential causes of future shocks into a “Universal Threat Taxonomy.” We have reviewed more than a thousand years of history in order to identify the different causes of disruptive events, collating other disaster catalogues and categorization structures, and researching scientific conjecture an ...
External Constraints on Monetary Policy and The Financial Accelerator
External Constraints on Monetary Policy and The Financial Accelerator

... peg were more likely to have su®ered severe ¯nancial distress. The likely reason is straightforward: defending an exchange rate peg generally requires a central bank to adjust interest rates in a direction that reinforces the crisis. Moreover, this connection between external constraints on monetary ...
Which Anchor Will Hold?
Which Anchor Will Hold?

... The impossible trinity, sometimes referred to as the macroeconomic trilemma, holds that a country with an open capital account that opts to fix its exchange rate must subjugate its monetary policy to that of the anchor currency country. If it wishes to maintain capital mobility and an independent mo ...
Monetary Policy Transmission (Page a)
Monetary Policy Transmission (Page a)

... reflects both analytical and methodological considerations. From an analytical point of view, it is widely acknowledged that significant gaps remain with regard to the precise nature of the channels monetary impulses are transmitted through economies (Levy, et.al 1997). Economists have been trying t ...
Hayek - currency competition and European monetary union
Hayek - currency competition and European monetary union

... himself mentioned the great German inflation of 1923. After the second World War, prices had moved worldwide only in one direction. In the course of the 1960s “booming” US Federal Government expenditure, which was partly associated with the Vietnam War, led to a sustained period of strong growth in ...
< 1 ... 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 ... 139 >

Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australasia and Japan in the mid-20th century. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate by tying its currency to gold and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments. Also, there was a need to address the lack of cooperation among other countries and to prevent competitive devaluation of the currencies as well.Preparing to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, also known as the Bretton Woods Conference. The delegates deliberated during 1–22 July 1944, and signed the Bretton Woods agreement on its final day. Setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, these accords established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which today is part of the World Bank Group. The United States, which controlled two thirds of the world's gold, insisted that the Bretton Woods system rest on both gold and the US dollar. Soviet representatives attended the conference but later declined to ratify the final agreements, charging that the institutions they had created were ""branches of Wall Street."" These organizations became operational in 1945 after a sufficient number of countries had ratified the agreement.On 15 August 1971, the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively bringing the Bretton Woods system to an end and rendering the dollar a fiat currency. This action, referred to as the Nixon shock, created the situation in which the United States dollar became a reserve currency used by many states. At the same time, many fixed currencies (such as the pound sterling, for example), also became free-floating.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report