One step hydroxylation of benzene to phenol using N2O
... There is an increasing commercial interest in finding alternative ways to produce phenol that overcome the disadvantages of the current cumene process used to synthesize phenol. The drivers for the change are both economic and environmental. A direct oxidation route for producing phenol from benzene ...
... There is an increasing commercial interest in finding alternative ways to produce phenol that overcome the disadvantages of the current cumene process used to synthesize phenol. The drivers for the change are both economic and environmental. A direct oxidation route for producing phenol from benzene ...
ggh - Library
... The characterization results showed that clinoptilolite was the major mineral in natural zeolite used as catalyst and catalyst support. It was thermally stable up to 440°C and its stability improved with Pd and Ni loading. Catalysts with loading of 0.72, 2.42, 5.63 % Pd and 3.12 % Ni were prepared b ...
... The characterization results showed that clinoptilolite was the major mineral in natural zeolite used as catalyst and catalyst support. It was thermally stable up to 440°C and its stability improved with Pd and Ni loading. Catalysts with loading of 0.72, 2.42, 5.63 % Pd and 3.12 % Ni were prepared b ...
Transition Metal-Modified Zirconium Phosphate Electrocatalysts for
... intercalated systems and that the metal‐adsorbed catalyst had retained α‐ZrP characteristics. In the metal-intercalated systems and that the metal-adsorbed catalyst had retained α-ZrP characteristics. case of pure α‐ZrP (Figure 3) two weight losses are observed, dehydration of water w ...
... intercalated systems and that the metal‐adsorbed catalyst had retained α‐ZrP characteristics. In the metal-intercalated systems and that the metal-adsorbed catalyst had retained α-ZrP characteristics. case of pure α‐ZrP (Figure 3) two weight losses are observed, dehydration of water w ...
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
... Institute of Catalysis in the main fields of its academic and R&D activities covers the year 2009 and follows the scheme which has been accepted for such kinds of reviews many years ago. The Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, or BIC, is well known to experts in both academic and industrial catalysis n ...
... Institute of Catalysis in the main fields of its academic and R&D activities covers the year 2009 and follows the scheme which has been accepted for such kinds of reviews many years ago. The Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, or BIC, is well known to experts in both academic and industrial catalysis n ...
Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen
... simple and selective purification of large gas emissions can be applied both in low and high concentrations of ammonia removal. It is also possible to selectively oxidize ammonia to nitrogen in the liquid phase. Another potential application of this process may be in the production of pure nitrogen ...
... simple and selective purification of large gas emissions can be applied both in low and high concentrations of ammonia removal. It is also possible to selectively oxidize ammonia to nitrogen in the liquid phase. Another potential application of this process may be in the production of pure nitrogen ...
Cr (VI) REMOVAL WITH NATURAL, SURFACTANT - Library
... Characterizations of clinoptilolite rich mineral and its modified forms were studied. Batch sorption experiments were performed and the effects of the parameters such as pH, initial concentration, agitation speed, particle size and temperature were investigated. Sorption kinetic data were analysed b ...
... Characterizations of clinoptilolite rich mineral and its modified forms were studied. Batch sorption experiments were performed and the effects of the parameters such as pH, initial concentration, agitation speed, particle size and temperature were investigated. Sorption kinetic data were analysed b ...
Abstract - ASU Physics
... Results indicate that the density of the residue islands remaining upon the surface was dependent upon the nitrogen concentration in the passivating oxide that was etched. SIMS and lateral force microscopy (LFM) were used to deduce the chemical composition of the residue islands. It was determined t ...
... Results indicate that the density of the residue islands remaining upon the surface was dependent upon the nitrogen concentration in the passivating oxide that was etched. SIMS and lateral force microscopy (LFM) were used to deduce the chemical composition of the residue islands. It was determined t ...
Chem Soc Rev
... cleavage of the C–H bond is the rate-limiting step for the OMC process with O2 as the oxidant.35 However, Lunsford et al. suggested that there is no unique rate determining step, because the KIE changed with the CH4/O2 ratio.29 Re-oxidation of the catalyst reduced by CH4 could be the rate determinin ...
... cleavage of the C–H bond is the rate-limiting step for the OMC process with O2 as the oxidant.35 However, Lunsford et al. suggested that there is no unique rate determining step, because the KIE changed with the CH4/O2 ratio.29 Re-oxidation of the catalyst reduced by CH4 could be the rate determinin ...
analytical applications of surface-modified fused silica capillaries
... importantly his seemingly endless amount of patience. Dr. Palmer put an enormous amount of work in to helping me along and was always willing to take the time to explain things over and over again. I would also like to thank the faculty at UM and especially my committee members for always being avai ...
... importantly his seemingly endless amount of patience. Dr. Palmer put an enormous amount of work in to helping me along and was always willing to take the time to explain things over and over again. I would also like to thank the faculty at UM and especially my committee members for always being avai ...
purdue university - IUPUI ScholarWorks
... I certify that in the preparation of this thesis, I have observed the provisions of Purdue University Teaching, Research, and Outreach Policy on Research Misconduct (VIII.3.1), October 1, 2008.* Further, I certify that this work is free of plagiarism and all materials appearing in this thesis/disser ...
... I certify that in the preparation of this thesis, I have observed the provisions of Purdue University Teaching, Research, and Outreach Policy on Research Misconduct (VIII.3.1), October 1, 2008.* Further, I certify that this work is free of plagiarism and all materials appearing in this thesis/disser ...
Adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. This process differs from absorption, in which a fluid (the absorbate) permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid (the absorbent). Adsorption is a surface-based process while absorption involves the whole volume of the material. The term sorption encompasses both processes, while desorption is the reverse of it. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon.Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy. In a bulk material, all the bonding requirements (be they ionic, covalent, or metallic) of the constituent atoms of the material are filled by other atoms in the material. However, atoms on the surface of the adsorbent are not wholly surrounded by other adsorbent atoms and therefore can attract adsorbates. The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details of the species involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding). It may also occur due to electrostatic attraction.Adsorption is present in many natural, physical, biological, and chemical systems, and is widely used in industrial applications such as activated charcoal, capturing and using waste heat to provide cold water for air conditioning and other process requirements (adsorption chillers), synthetic resins, increase storage capacity of carbide-derived carbons, and water purification. Adsorption, ion exchange, and chromatography are sorption processes in which certain adsorbates are selectively transferred from the fluid phase to the surface of insoluble, rigid particles suspended in a vessel or packed in a column. Pharmaceutical industry applications, which use adsorption as a means to prolong neurological exposure to specific drugs or parts thereof, are lesser known.However, it should be remarked that the distinction between adsorption and absorption vanishes as we go from perfectly crystalline macroscopic materials to porous/structured materials, aggregates and composites made out of increasingly smaller grains, viz., micron-sized particles to nanoparticles, sub-nano particles and finally molecules (or atoms). In such nano-composites, the internal surface area of particulate matter is very large. Then the adsorption on internal surfaces simply becomes absorption when viewed from the bulk. Then the distinction between adsorption and absorption vanishes. On the other hand, the distinction is clearest between bulk solids without internal structure, but having only surfaces where only adsorption can occur on the outer surfaces, and nanocomposites or aggregates with internal structure where absorption by the host material is simply adsorption on internal surfaces of the host material. As an example, we may consider a crystalline piece of silicon dioxide (quartz) which can adsorb water molecules on its surface. However, if the quartz is ground into very fine sand, the pile of sand (an aggregate) has a very large internal surface area. A very large amount of water can be adsorbed by the ""internal"" surfaces of the grains in the pile of sand, and this absorption is simply ""internal adsorption. If water is made to flow thorugh such a pile of sand, ions and toxins in the water may be preferentially adsorbed by the surfaces of the grains of sand, providing a simple, well-known water purification application.The word ""adsorption"" was coined in 1881 by German physicist Heinrich Kayser (1853-1940).