• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Exchange Rates and International Macroeconomics
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Exchange Rates and International Macroeconomics

... models are more meaningful when based on one-period ahead forecasts rather than on multiperiod forecast horizons. As for the source of the failure of the structural models, Sai'di highlights the inadequate modeling of expectations formation. In particular, he believes that the distinction between an ...
Monetary Policy Statement 20 October 2005
Monetary Policy Statement 20 October 2005

... High FDI flows to developing countries are projected to remain high as Transnational Companies (TNCs) seek to improve their competitiveness by expanding the fast growing markets of emerging ...
Costs, Benefits, and Constraints of the Basket Currency Regime
Costs, Benefits, and Constraints of the Basket Currency Regime

... However, clean float is not quite possible or desirable. Not many countries practice clean float (no intervention at all). If one corner means a "lightly managed" float, then it would become difficult to draw a line between "lightly managed" and "managed" floating regimes. Currency board (and dollar ...
L6 - Harvard University
L6 - Harvard University

... In lectures 3-5 we saw the effects of monetary expansion, ΔM, on income, ΔY. ...
International Coordination - Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
International Coordination - Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

... Chairman Ben Bernanke’s signal that Quantitative Easing would soon be phased out -provoked another sort of complaint from Indian Central Bank Governor Raghuram Rajan: “International monetary cooperation has broken down…The U.S. should worry about the effects of its policies on the rest of the world” ...
Fighting inflation in a dollarized economy: The case of Vietnam
Fighting inflation in a dollarized economy: The case of Vietnam

... of dollarized economies, broad monetary aggregates including foreign currency deposits provide the tightest link to inflation, as Baliño et al. (1999), Berg and Borensztein (2000), and Reinhart et al. (2003) show. The expansion of the money supply does not induce inflation necessarily because it may ...
EXCHANGE RATE FLEXIBIUTY, VOLATILITY, AND THE PATTERNS Joshua Paper No. 3953
EXCHANGE RATE FLEXIBIUTY, VOLATILITY, AND THE PATTERNS Joshua Paper No. 3953

... by investing both at home and in the foreign country at a cost of K(l÷'r), for i I. A diversified producer operates as a multinational firm, having the capacity to produce his variety in both countries. 8 Entrepreneurs are risk neutral, and there is free entry. The uncertainty pertains to the future ...
Foreign Exchange Market - KV Institute of Management and
Foreign Exchange Market - KV Institute of Management and

... expensive in foreign markets. A higher exchange rate can be expected to lower the country's balance of trade, while a lower exchange rate would increase it. Exchange Rate: Understanding the Term Exchange rates are determined by supply and demand. For example, if there was greater demand for American ...
Vittorio Grilli Nouriel
Vittorio Grilli Nouriel

... Given the substantial absence of restrictions on current account transactions in the OECD area and the widespread use of restrictions on capital account transactions, a study of the effects of capital controls on exchange rates requires the use of an analytical tool that permits discrimination betwe ...
4. Monetary Aggregates and Scope of Use
4. Monetary Aggregates and Scope of Use

... of exchange, and the concept “broad money” includes also instruments that serve as means of holding wealth. Usually, currency and demand deposits11 (transferable deposits) perform the function of medium of exchange. Narrow money is usually called M1. Broader monetary aggregates include savings and t ...
The relevance and importance of Gold in the World Monetary System
The relevance and importance of Gold in the World Monetary System

... Phase Two: inflation until 1921 which resulted in a build-up of Debt Phase Three: disinflation which brought stability and allowed asset inflation until 1929, but encouraged a further build-up of Debt Phase Four: instability after 1929 caused by deflation of assets from over-priced levels and exacer ...
CHAPTER 2: What Is Money - McGraw Hill Higher Education
CHAPTER 2: What Is Money - McGraw Hill Higher Education

Ch14
Ch14

... Result: expectations about inflation caused by an expected money supply increase leads to actual inflation. ...
Welcome to the course on Currencies.
Welcome to the course on Currencies.

why can`t we afford counter
why can`t we afford counter

... • Domestic currency short-term or floating rate debt may be subject to large increases in nominal interest rates, especially in bad times • This also makes debt service pro-cyclical • Volatility of the short rate limits the extension of ...
Harris Delias Alan C. Stockman Working Paper No. 13142
Harris Delias Alan C. Stockman Working Paper No. 13142

... period just enough money •one to purchase x goods. The asset aZ pays each period just enough money one to purchase z goods. By (7), these assets pay Mt, exactly the supply of money (per capita) each period. Thus a is a claim to a share of the money stock equal to the share of X, in GNP of country on ...
The Mexican Peso Crisis: the Foreseeable and the Surprise
The Mexican Peso Crisis: the Foreseeable and the Surprise

... environment than direct investment. As we shall see later, the unforgiving side of portfolio capital made its appearance with a vengeance after the December devaluation. The capital inflows exacerbated the appreciation of the exchange rate because they put pressure on the domestic supply of non-trad ...
A G-Ppp Analysis to the Eac Monetary Integration Process
A G-Ppp Analysis to the Eac Monetary Integration Process

The Research of Exchange Rate Change, Export Structure and
The Research of Exchange Rate Change, Export Structure and

... amount in all kinds of countries, thus change the international trade structure all over the world, and augment the imbalance of the world economy. More and more researchers pointed it out that the imbalance of the world economy3 is up to the imbalance of trade structure of different countries, whic ...
1 Is a Change in the Renminbi Exchange Rate in China`s Interest?1
1 Is a Change in the Renminbi Exchange Rate in China`s Interest?1

... legislation to impose an across-the-board tariff of 27.5 per cent on imports from China to penalize the country for manipulating its currency. President Bush, Secretary Snow and Chairman Greenspan all weighed in on the need for a more flexible renminbi exchange rate. Why should the renminbi be such ...
accf 5224
accf 5224

... mobile communication devices. Vameda is headquartered in Germany and reports its financial statements in Euros (EUR). Vameda expects to make major financial transactions in the coming months; one of them is as follows:  The company will issue a note of 100 million U.S dollars (USD) in three months ...
China`s Currency Policy - Duke
China`s Currency Policy - Duke

... RMB from further depreciating and that market forces were currently pushing the RMB downward. However, Treasury concluded that RMB “remains under its appropriate midterm valuation.” The RMB and the Chinese Economy China’s August 2015 surprise announcement of currency reforms, and the RMB devaluation ...
Chap014
Chap014

... • A decrease in required reserves directly increases excess reserves. • Excess reserves are bank reserves in excess of required reserves: ...
Document
Document

A SINGLE CURRENCY FOR THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES: A STEPWISE APPROACH
A SINGLE CURRENCY FOR THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES: A STEPWISE APPROACH

... of individual national currencies with no need for a common currency under the following conditions: (i) the currencies of member countries should be fully convertible at immutably fixed exchange rates; (ii) there should be a single monetary policy which is determined at the union level, permitting ...
< 1 ... 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 ... 198 >

Fixed exchange-rate system

A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime where a currency's value is fixed against either the value of another single currency, to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold. There are benefits and risks to using a fixed exchange rate. A fixed exchange rate is usually used in order to stabilize the value of a currency by directly fixing its value in a predetermined ratio to a different, more stable or more internationally prevalent currency (or currencies), to which the value is pegged. In doing so, the exchange rate between the currency and its peg does not change based on market conditions, the way floating currencies will do. This makes trade and investments between the two currency areas easier and more predictable, and is especially useful for small economies in which external trade forms a large part of their GDP.A fixed exchange-rate system can also be used as a means to control the behavior of a currency, such as by limiting rates of inflation. However, in doing so, the pegged currency is then controlled by its reference value. As such, when the reference value rises or falls, it then follows that the value(s) of any currencies pegged to it will also rise and fall in relation to other currencies and commodities with which the pegged currency can be traded. In other words, a pegged currency is dependent on its reference value to dictate how its current worth is defined at any given time. In addition, according to the Mundell–Fleming model, with perfect capital mobility, a fixed exchange rate prevents a government from using domestic monetary policy in order to achieve macroeconomic stability.In a fixed exchange-rate system, a country’s central bank typically uses an open market mechanism and is committed at all times to buy and/or sell its currency at a fixed price in order to maintain its pegged ratio and, hence, the stable value of its currency in relation to the reference to which it is pegged. The central bank provides the assets and/or the foreign currency or currencies which are needed in order to finance any payments imbalances.In the 21st century, the currencies associated with large economies typically do not fix or peg exchange rates to other currencies. The last large economy to use a fixed exchange rate system was the People's Republic of China which, in July 2005, adopted a slightly more flexible exchange rate system called a managed exchange rate. The European Exchange Rate Mechanism is also used on a temporary basis to establish a final conversion rate against the Euro (€) from the local currencies of countries joining the Eurozone.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report