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1200 AP World History Terms
1200 AP World History Terms

... Creative innovations of new solutions to old and new problems ...
Indian Ocean Travelers in the Medieval Era
Indian Ocean Travelers in the Medieval Era

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Chapter 14
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© NCERT not to be republished
© NCERT not to be republished

... seventeenth century. As in the case of Hasan al-Wazzan, peoples that the Europeans encountered in the Americas often took a great interest in them and sometimes worked for them. For example an Aztec woman – later known as Dona Marina – befriended the Spanish conqueror of Mexico, Cortes, and interpre ...
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... and aristocracy from absolutism through assertations of the rights of Parliament. B. The Dutch Republic developed an oligarchy of urban gentry and rural landholders to promote trade and protect traditional rights. III. After 1648, dynastic and state interests, along with Europe’s expanding colonial ...
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8 ESL - West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District

...  The connections and links made through global interactions have broad cultural, political, and economic  consequences (both intended and unintended) which have associated costs and benefits.   While the Five Pillars are individual acts and each has a spiritual meaning, collectively they have broa ...
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Proto-globalization



Proto-globalization or early modern globalization is a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization. First introduced by historians A. G. Hopkins and Christopher Bayly, the term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of so-called 'modern globalization' in the 19th century.Proto-globalization distinguished itself from modern globalization on the basis of expansionism, the method of managing global trade, and the level of information exchange. The period of proto-globalization is marked by such trade arrangements as the East India Company, the shift of hegemony to Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the Thirty Year War, and a rise of new commodities—most particularly slave trade. The Triangular Trade made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the western hemisphere. The transfer of plant and animal crops and epidemic diseases associated with Alfred Crosby's concept of The Columbian Exchange also played a central role in this process. Proto-globalization trade and communications involved a vast group including European, Muslim, Indian, Southeast Asian and Chinese merchants, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.The transition from proto-globalization to modern globalization was marked with a more complex global network based on both capitalistic and technological exchange; however, it led to a significant collapse in cultural exchange.
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