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... percent in 1870 to 62 percent in 1920.3 Another measure of bias is the use of charged language by the press. Negative words such as “slander,” “liar,” and “villainous” are used by papers to dismiss undesirable statements; words such as “honest,” “honorable,” and “irreproachable” are used to defend p ...
televised political satire: the new media - OAKTrust Home
televised political satire: the new media - OAKTrust Home

... popularity, adding a performative element to comedy, which would ultimately grow into stand-up comedy as we think of it today. Particularly relevant is that most of the humorists behind televised political satire shows began their careers as stand-up comedians. I also include in Chapter II an in dep ...
The Politics of Negotiating Public Tragedy
The Politics of Negotiating Public Tragedy

... major news story based on its potential for drama. As W. Lance Bennett notes, “It is no secret that reporters and editors search for events with dramatic properties and then emphasize those properties in their reporting.”14 Prior to October 8, little was known about the details of the attack outside ...
Political Efficacy on the Internet: A Media System Dependency
Political Efficacy on the Internet: A Media System Dependency

... The perceived utility of media resources is an important individual-level factor affecting dependency strength (Ball-Rokeach, 1998). The intensity of MSD relations is influenced not only by individual goals, but also by the expected usefulness of media in achieving these goals (BallRokeach, 1985). T ...
Advertising Empirical Generalizations: Implications for Research
Advertising Empirical Generalizations: Implications for Research

... advertising elasticity is higher in Europe relative to the United States, for durables relative to nondurables, in early relative to late stages of the product life cycle, and in print over TV. The advertising elasticity is lower in models that incorporate disaggregate data, advertising carryover, q ...
Images of Media Power: The Third-Person Effect and the Shaping of
Images of Media Power: The Third-Person Effect and the Shaping of

... political communication media theorists argue that the influence of the mass media has increased over time. This process can be characterized as the medialization of politics and this picture of modern politics views the mass media as extremely powerful. To a large extent the mass media seem to set ...
Media Attention and the Demise of Agency
Media Attention and the Demise of Agency

... Howell 2010) as well as for agencies in other countries (e.g., Park 2013; James et al. 2015) has been that they are not. While some scholars view agency termination as the “ultimate act of political control” (Carpenter and Lewis 2004, p. 202), we argue that it may be only the penultimate act of a po ...
Bill Analysis
Bill Analysis

... or enrollee who became eligible for continuation coverage due to involuntary termination, other than involuntary termination for cause, at any time during the period that begins on September 1, 2008, and ends on February 16, 2009, who did not elect such coverage or whose elected continuation coverag ...
Political Agency in the Digital Age Media, Participation
Political Agency in the Digital Age Media, Participation

... tensions of combining activism with academic research. She will discuss the challenges of conducting qualitative research in social movements, particularly with regards to the ways in which we position ourselves in the study. Is there ever a strategic need to distinguish between the two identities? ...
Scandal Potential - Dartmouth College
Scandal Potential - Dartmouth College

... In contemporary American politics, the opposition party and the elite political media (the national print and television outlets that often set the agenda for the rest of the press) are the two crucial institutional players in creating and sustaining presidential and executive branch scandals.18 Eac ...
High-Key Lighting
High-Key Lighting

... * Groups have a time limit of 15-20 minutes per set 1. Form a group of no more than four individuals. 2. Each person in the group has a specific job; a. photographer; shoots image(s) b. photo assistant; takes light readings using a light meter, moves lights on set c. subject; listens to photographer ...
Article Title Goes Here
Article Title Goes Here

... In other words, critical alternative media should be seen as serving a global community of those striving for democratization; they should operate as nodes within the global democratic networks as opposed to the global networks of corporate forces. The global dimension of critical alternative media ...
DEMOCRACY IN THE AGE OF NEW MEDIA GALAXY
DEMOCRACY IN THE AGE OF NEW MEDIA GALAXY

... have the opportunity to take part in decision-making processes, which is why representation is established as a central mechanism for constituting political power. However, over the last few years, an alarming decline has been observed in the membership of mass political parties, along with a fall i ...
Unburdened by Objectivity: Political Entertainment News in the 2008
Unburdened by Objectivity: Political Entertainment News in the 2008

... informed electorate. Today, government monitoring agencies have relaxed restrictions, allowing television networks to develop into political and economic juggernauts in an effort to permit competition with their increasingly popular cable competitors (2000). With this increase in power, obligations ...
Journal of Communication 49(1)
Journal of Communication 49(1)

... application of this model for framing research when he noted the lack of theories examining “the interplay between two levels—between individuals who operate actively in the construction of meaning and socio-cultural processes that offer meanings that are frequently contested” (p.␣ 67). Media Versus ...
The First or the Last
The First or the Last

... which again utilizes the one-for-one idea and Warby Parker which gives people in need prescription glasses.xxv These one-for-one business practices display a sustainable capitalist economy in which all levels of class are being aided and follows that profits will be distributed equally for good caus ...
The 2008 Presidential Campaign: Political Cynicism in the Age of
The 2008 Presidential Campaign: Political Cynicism in the Age of

... Pinkleton, Um, & Austin, 2002). The Internet has become an additional source of political information with its own potential to influence voter attitudes. However, the impact of social media on political cynicism has been difficult to assess because early studies tended to treat the Internet as a si ...
The Contingency of the Mass Media`s Political Agenda Setting Power
The Contingency of the Mass Media`s Political Agenda Setting Power

... Elder (1971, p. 909) stated more than 30 years ago that ‘‘The media can also play a very important role in elevating issues to the systemic agenda and increasing their chances of receiving consideration on institutional agendas.’’ Edwards and Wood (1999), for example, established an independent medi ...
News, Politics, and Negativity
News, Politics, and Negativity

... domains. There is evidence that negative information plays a greater role in voting behavior, for instance; that U.S. presidents are penalized electorally for negative economic trends but reap few electoral benefits from positive trends; asymmetries have been identified in the formation of more gene ...
"The Endogenous Relationship of Campaign Expenditures, Expected Vote, and Media Coverage"
"The Endogenous Relationship of Campaign Expenditures, Expected Vote, and Media Coverage"

... compete actively for citizens’ support, the media emphasize political coverage and become both reporters and interpreters, and citizens evaluate candidates in response to changing events and information. As such, political campaigns have much to teach us about how political influence operates in the ...
Social Media Use, Opinion Leadership, and Political Persuasion
Social Media Use, Opinion Leadership, and Political Persuasion

... which provides new opportunities for opinion leaders to influence others in their networks. As they note, in an increasingly fragmented media environment, socially shared information by opinion leaders may be more influential, as people are increasingly dependent on the suggestions and information p ...
how culture is transmitted through mass media and how this
how culture is transmitted through mass media and how this

... setting approach one of the most critically debated approaches is more concerned about how media constitutes a forum or bulletin board in which society’s central issues are aired for consideration. The scholars like McLuhan and Katz were very optimistic about the relationship between anthropology an ...
Behavioral Biases And Governance
Behavioral Biases And Governance

... • Made much worse by “Horse Race” mentality – Everyone “must” be in the top quartile – Individual circumstances (liquidity needs, time horizons, etc.) too often ignored when comparing results ...
71 years of broadcasting in nigeria
71 years of broadcasting in nigeria

... and sometimes powerful sources (like government) departments, large firms, major social institutions). On the other hand, there are many sources and voices which are poor in resources, but not necessarily deserving of attention on grounds of relevance or significance” (1992:83). And since, as Gans ( ...
Media meta-capital: extending the range of
Media meta-capital: extending the range of

... social world – with specific reference to a version of this problem in recent work on media within Bourdieu’s field-based tradition of research (work previously reviewed by Rodney Benson in Theory and Society 48). It argues that certain problems arise in reconciling this work’s detailed explanations ...
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Propaganda model

The propaganda model is a conceptual model in political economy advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky to explain how propaganda and systemic biases function in mass media. The model seeks to explain how populations are manipulated and how consent for economic, social and political policies is ""manufactured"" in the public mind due to this propaganda. The theory posits that the way in which news is structured (through advertising, concentration of media ownership, government sourcing and others) creates an inherent conflict of interest which acts as propaganda for undemocratic forces.First presented in their 1988 book Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, the propaganda model views the private media as businesses interested in the sale of a product—readers and audiences—to other businesses (advertisers) rather than that of quality news to the public. Describing the media's ""societal purpose"", Chomsky writes, ""... the study of institutions and how they function must be scrupulously ignored, apart from fringe elements or a relatively obscure scholarly literature"". The theory postulates five general classes of ""filters"" that determine the type of news that is presented in news media. These five classes are: Ownership of the medium, Medium's funding sources, Sourcing, Flak, Anti-communism and fear ideology.The first three are generally regarded by the authors as being the most important. In versions published after the 9/11 attacks on the United States in 2001, Chomsky and Herman updated the fifth prong to instead refer to the ""War on Terror"" and counter-terrorism, although they state that it operates in much the same manner.Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases.
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