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... the medium run the competitiveness is measured by productivity, which, in its turn, is defined not only with two factors (as labour and capital), but also takes into account unemployment rate, inflation, interest rate, output fluctuations (sometimes called business cycles) and other factors. In the ...
... the medium run the competitiveness is measured by productivity, which, in its turn, is defined not only with two factors (as labour and capital), but also takes into account unemployment rate, inflation, interest rate, output fluctuations (sometimes called business cycles) and other factors. In the ...
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Economic Growth, and Selected Types
... Energy is not only the cornerstone of economic development, but also an important strategic resource for a country. For China, in the stage of industrialization, it is self-evident that energy plays a major role today. The last several decades have witnessed great achievements in the economic develo ...
... Energy is not only the cornerstone of economic development, but also an important strategic resource for a country. For China, in the stage of industrialization, it is self-evident that energy plays a major role today. The last several decades have witnessed great achievements in the economic develo ...
conference paper
... demands explanation. II. Cases: Bonn, Plaza, and G20 Following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s, leading advanced industrialized countries recognized the need to establish new mechanisms to promote international economic stability within the context of the new, floating-ra ...
... demands explanation. II. Cases: Bonn, Plaza, and G20 Following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s, leading advanced industrialized countries recognized the need to establish new mechanisms to promote international economic stability within the context of the new, floating-ra ...
Monetary and Economic Integration in Africa
... The performance of countries regarding the primary criteria has been mixed as shown below. Generally, there has been some improvement in macro-economic performance ...
... The performance of countries regarding the primary criteria has been mixed as shown below. Generally, there has been some improvement in macro-economic performance ...
Reproducing the North-South Divide: the role of
... linchpin of the equanimity with which liberal theorists view trade deficits. If these capital flows are market transactions in financial assets between willing (income-maximizing) buyers and sellers, then the judgment of the investors that provide such capital would seem to certify that the imbalanc ...
... linchpin of the equanimity with which liberal theorists view trade deficits. If these capital flows are market transactions in financial assets between willing (income-maximizing) buyers and sellers, then the judgment of the investors that provide such capital would seem to certify that the imbalanc ...
SECTORAL OUTLOOK 2013-2015 CHAUDIÈRE
... goes according to plan. The revival of exportations has not yet taken place, but is expected in the medium term. In the next few years, the region will thus build on the recovery of manufacturing, which will be supported by the development of its niches of excellence (composite materials and plastic ...
... goes according to plan. The revival of exportations has not yet taken place, but is expected in the medium term. In the next few years, the region will thus build on the recovery of manufacturing, which will be supported by the development of its niches of excellence (composite materials and plastic ...
Global Investment: Salient Features and Policy Challenges by
... FDI flows in 2011 rose in all three sectors of production – primary, manufacturing and services. In services, FDI rebounded to some $570 billion after falling sharply in 2009 and 2010. Primary sector investment also reversed the negative trend of the previous two years, reaching $200 billion. The sh ...
... FDI flows in 2011 rose in all three sectors of production – primary, manufacturing and services. In services, FDI rebounded to some $570 billion after falling sharply in 2009 and 2010. Primary sector investment also reversed the negative trend of the previous two years, reaching $200 billion. The sh ...
Long-Run and Short-Run Concerns: Growth, Productivity
... and Unemployment • The business cycle describes the periodic ups and downs in the economy, or deviations of output and employment away from the long-run trend. • A recession is roughly a period in which real GDP declines for at least two consecutive quarters. It is marked by falling output and risin ...
... and Unemployment • The business cycle describes the periodic ups and downs in the economy, or deviations of output and employment away from the long-run trend. • A recession is roughly a period in which real GDP declines for at least two consecutive quarters. It is marked by falling output and risin ...
Foreign Direct Investment and Civil Liberties: a new perspective
... organization rights of the workers and to various economic rights. In contrast, political liberties refer to the decision-making process in the country and the way the government chooses which policies to implement. This paper assumes that high repression of civil liberties is expected to exert a ne ...
... organization rights of the workers and to various economic rights. In contrast, political liberties refer to the decision-making process in the country and the way the government chooses which policies to implement. This paper assumes that high repression of civil liberties is expected to exert a ne ...
Harnessing Nigeria`s Natural and Human Resources for MSMEs
... 10 fastest growing economies in the world as a result of MSMEs that employ people directly , and they promote employment indirectly through creating market opportunities and improvement market conditions. Nigeria is a blessed country and our people are some of the most enterprising in the world as a ...
... 10 fastest growing economies in the world as a result of MSMEs that employ people directly , and they promote employment indirectly through creating market opportunities and improvement market conditions. Nigeria is a blessed country and our people are some of the most enterprising in the world as a ...
real-world economics review
... is statistically independent of ε, often called exogeneity, linear regression can be used to estimate the value of β, the “effect coefficient”. More formally, an SEM consists of one or more structural equations, generally written as in the linear case, in which Y is considered to be the dependent or ...
... is statistically independent of ε, often called exogeneity, linear regression can be used to estimate the value of β, the “effect coefficient”. More formally, an SEM consists of one or more structural equations, generally written as in the linear case, in which Y is considered to be the dependent or ...
References - ACS - United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
... for policymakers to be informed of the trend as well as relative accuracy of forecasts provided by different institutions when it comes to policy analysis and decision making. ...
... for policymakers to be informed of the trend as well as relative accuracy of forecasts provided by different institutions when it comes to policy analysis and decision making. ...
South Africa - SOEs in Focus Namibia's Societal Acceleration Platform
... Infrastructure spending as a % of GDP SA - just above the average infrastructure public spending for middle income countries, but lags larger BRICS players such as India ...
... Infrastructure spending as a % of GDP SA - just above the average infrastructure public spending for middle income countries, but lags larger BRICS players such as India ...
Evaluation of the Aid
... How Aid can influence growth through ‘competitiveness’ channel? Under the fixed exchange rate: • Aid spent on domestic goods pushes up the price of recourses that are in limited supply domestically (e.g. skilled worker). Under the flexible exchange rate: • Aid inflows increase nominal exchange rate, ...
... How Aid can influence growth through ‘competitiveness’ channel? Under the fixed exchange rate: • Aid spent on domestic goods pushes up the price of recourses that are in limited supply domestically (e.g. skilled worker). Under the flexible exchange rate: • Aid inflows increase nominal exchange rate, ...
Household Expectations and Household Consumption Expenditures: The Case of Turkey Evren CERİTOĞLU
... important topic, especially from the point of view of the policy-makers. Consumer confidence indices are not only used to forecast future consumption realisations, but they are also publicised prior to the national income figures. There is a rich literature about this issue for developed countries, ...
... important topic, especially from the point of view of the policy-makers. Consumer confidence indices are not only used to forecast future consumption realisations, but they are also publicised prior to the national income figures. There is a rich literature about this issue for developed countries, ...
Structural Change, the Real Exchange Rate, and the Balance of
... and found that it was significantly reduced after liberalization but not after NAFTA. In addition, they found that Mexican trade barely satisfied the Marshall-Lerner condition, a result confirmed by Pacheco-López (2005). The latter also estimated import demand functions for various subperiods rangin ...
... and found that it was significantly reduced after liberalization but not after NAFTA. In addition, they found that Mexican trade barely satisfied the Marshall-Lerner condition, a result confirmed by Pacheco-López (2005). The latter also estimated import demand functions for various subperiods rangin ...
pse11 Legrenzi new 15462675 en
... respecting these parameters does not necessarily imply sustainability of …scal policy, in the sense of respecting the government’s IBC4 . The European Stability and Growth Pact, signed by the European Union Member States at the European Council meeting in Amsterdam, in June 1997, introduces two Coun ...
... respecting these parameters does not necessarily imply sustainability of …scal policy, in the sense of respecting the government’s IBC4 . The European Stability and Growth Pact, signed by the European Union Member States at the European Council meeting in Amsterdam, in June 1997, introduces two Coun ...
Results of a new economic model - Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas
... of public finances by expanding the tax base and consequently increasing tax receipts. In 2005 tax collection was USD1.963 million and it grew to USD4.369 million in 2010 and in 2011 to around USD5.924 million. The public debt experienced a favorable turn to the Bolivia, because now 55% of the publi ...
... of public finances by expanding the tax base and consequently increasing tax receipts. In 2005 tax collection was USD1.963 million and it grew to USD4.369 million in 2010 and in 2011 to around USD5.924 million. The public debt experienced a favorable turn to the Bolivia, because now 55% of the publi ...
Rethinking the World War II Economy: The Welfare Effects
... America had fought5. Yet, for the soldiers actually fighting it the war was simply one of survival. William O'Neill in his book A Democracy at War describes American Soldiers: Nearly all accepted that having been attacked the United States must defend itself and that they owed the nation a duty. Ho ...
... America had fought5. Yet, for the soldiers actually fighting it the war was simply one of survival. William O'Neill in his book A Democracy at War describes American Soldiers: Nearly all accepted that having been attacked the United States must defend itself and that they owed the nation a duty. Ho ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).